膳食因素在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中的作用

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20250494

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis，EMs）是一种常见的慢性炎症性妇科疾病，现有手术和药物治疗存在局限性，膳食干预作为辅助策略备受关注。膳食成分中，多酚类化合物（如槲皮素、姜黄素、白藜芦醇等）可通过抗氧化、抗炎等特性在EMs的预防和治疗中发挥作用；维生素C、E、D、B族可通过减轻氧化应激、缓解炎症等改善病情；钙、钾等矿物质与EMs风险呈负相关，低镍饮食可减轻症状。膳食种类方面，乳制品、水果、蔬菜和ω-3脂肪酸等摄入量的增加可能与EMs风险降低有关，而反式不饱和脂肪酸、红肉等可能增加EMs的风险。膳食模式中的地中海饮食、抗炎饮食可改善EMs相关疼痛等症状，低FODMAP饮食有助于缓解合并肠易激综合征的EMs患者的胃肠道症状，而无麸质饮食因证据不足不建议常规使用。饮食干预在EMs管理中前景良好，但目前研究存在样本量小、干预不规范等局限，未来需更多大规模研究验证。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 膳食干预, 膳食成分, 膳食种类, 膳食模式

Abstract:

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common chronic inflammatory gynecological disease. Existing surgical and drug treatments have limitations, and dietary intervention, as an auxiliary strategy, has attracted much attention. Among dietary components, polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, etc.) can play a role in the prevention and treatment of EMs through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; vitamins C, E, D, and B complex can improve the condition by reducing oxidative stress and alleviating inflammation; minerals such as calcium and potassium are negatively correlated with the risk of EMs, and a low-nickel diet can relieve symptoms. In terms of dietary types, increased intake of dairy products, fruits and vegetables, ω-3 fatty acids may be associated with a reduced risk of EMs, while trans-unsaturated fatty acids and red meat may increase the risk of EMs. Among dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet and anti-inflammatory diet can improve symptoms such as pain related to EMs. The low FODMAP diet helps relieve gastrointestinal symptoms in EMs patients with irritable bowel syndrome, while a gluten-free diet is not recommended for routine use due to insufficient evidence. Dietary intervention has good prospects in the management of EMs, but current studies have limitations such as small sample sizes and non-standardized interventions. More large-scale studies are needed for verification in the future.

Key words: Endometriosis, Dietary intervention, Dietary component, Dietary types, Dietary pattern

袁琼, 黄宇. 膳食因素在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中的作用[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(6): 606-611.

YUAN Qiong, HUANG Yu. The Role of Dietary Factors in the Occurrence and Development of Endometriosis[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(6): 606-611.

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