Abstract: We can not ignore the damage of chemotherapy on ovarian function. However, the mechanism of chemotherapy on ovarian reserve has not been fully elucidated. As we all know, different chemotherapy drugs have different influence on ovarian follicle. Clinical manifestations after chemotherapy can be abnormal menstruation, temporary amenorrhea, premature ovarian failure and even permanent amenorrhea. Most of scholars believe that patients whose menstruation recover can seize the opportunity of pregnancy, but the restoration of menstruation is not the sign of fertility reservation. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy after chemotherapy did not increase significantly. The rate of pregnancy and menstruation recovery is the most sensitive index for the evaluation of ovarian function. Anti-müllerian hormone （ＡＭＨ） and age are also important predictors of ovarian reserve. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist（ＧｎＲＨａ） is used to protect ovarian damage, but it remains controversial and can not be recommended in clinical. Clinical oncologists should not only concern the treatment of tumors, but also should pay attention to the fertility problems after chemotherapy.