Abstract: The premature ovarian failure (POF) generally describes a syndrome of gonadal failure before the age of 40. In recent years, the incidence of POF in fertile woman has increased year by year and there is the development trend of younger age. POF, a serious life-changing condition that affects young women. Low estrogen levels also affect cardiovascular system and skeletal system, etc. Infertility is a common consequence of this entity. The known cause of this condition includes: genetic aberrations, autoimmune ovarian damage, infection, enzyme defect and iatrogenic factors, although in majority of cases the underlying cause is not been identified. A growing body of research suggests that autoimmunity is one of the important pathogenesis of POF. Autoantibody and abnormal cellular immunity function are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of POF. Currently, there are no ideal treatment options for POF. To elucidate the molecular immunology mechanism of POF and its relationship with neuroendocrine function will be the key to seek effective prevention and treatment.

Key words: Ovarian failure, premature, Autoimmunity, Autoantibodies, Immunotherapy