Abstract: Preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM) is a common and troublesome obstetric complications. It causes many preterm births. And if it is not handled in time, it would seriously threaten the mothers and infants. In many low- and middle-income countries, the biggest impact of PPROM is neonatal death caused by premature birth. Many factors are related to the occurrence of PPROM, such as infection, uterine overdistention, smoking and genetic. Their pathways to membrane degradation and ultimate rupture overlap. The etiology and pathogenesis of PPROM are very complicated. Recent investigations identify matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), amniotic cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress as primary mechanisms in these processes. This article reviews the latest research progresses on the pathogenesis of PPROM. By discussing the risk factors and mechanism of membrane weakening, which can provide clues to reduce the incidence of PPROM.

Key words: Fetal membranes, premature rupture, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Matrix metalloproteinases, Apoptosis