Abstract: Chronic endometritis (CE) is a disease of continuous inflammation of endometrium. CE is generally asymptomatic or has vague symptoms, which makes it easy to be ignored clinically. Pathological identification of plasma cell within the endometrial stroma is the most important diagnostic criteria of CE. As a specific marker of plasma cell, immunohistochemical staining of CD138 improves the diagnosis of CE. The main treatment strategy of CE is antibiotic treatment. The prevalence of CE is higher in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Furthermore, antibiotic treatment of CE can improve the reproductive outcomes of these patients. These evidences suggest that CE is closely associated with RPL and RIF, but the etiology and pathogenesis of CE is still unknown. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of CE, as well as the relationship between CE and RPL/RIF, providing valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of CE.

Key words: Endometritis；, Pregnancy outcome；, Abortion, habitual；, Embryo implantation；, Diagnosis；, Therapy