绝经后子宫内膜增厚的阴道超声诊断进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20200624

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国女性健康意识的提高,绝经后子宫内膜增厚越来越受到重视。子宫内膜癌是女性生殖器官常见恶性肿瘤之一,在绝经后妇女中常表现为子宫内膜增厚和绝经后阴道出血。经阴道超声测量绝经后妇女的子宫内膜厚度是常用的子宫内膜癌早期筛查手段。在医学上,对于无阴道出血症状的绝经期女性,子宫内膜厚度与子宫内膜癌相关性尚不明确。无症状绝经期子宫内膜增厚的患者要根据是否存在高危因素个体化评估患子宫内膜癌的风险。适当的诊断不仅对子宫内膜病变的早发现早治疗有重要意义,也可避免造成绝经女性的过度恐慌和减少不必要的有创诊疗,在临床中有现实意义。综述绝经后子宫内膜增厚疾病的特点以及经阴道超声检查的评估价值。

关键词: 绝经后期, 子宫内膜, 超声检查, 宫腔镜检查, 子宫出血, 病理学

Abstract:

Thickened endometrium in postmenopausal women has been got more and more attention due to the improvement of the awareness in health-related quality of life in Chinese women. Endometrial cancer is one of the most common type of gynecologic cancer. Vaginal bleeding and thickened endometrium are common manifestations in postmenopausal women with endometrial carcinoma. Transvaginal ultrasonography usually is a first approach for an initial evaluation for endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women with thickened endometrium. The relationship between thickness endometrium and endometrial cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women is unclear. It should be applicable that make an individually assessment for the risk of endometrial cancer according to the existence of high-risk factors in asymptomatic postmenopausal women with thickened endometrium. Proper evaluation of endometrial diseases is not only of great significance for early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women, but also can avoid unnecessary worry about endometrial cancer and reduce excessive invasive diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we had reviewed the characteristics of endometrial diseases and the evaluation of endometrial thickening by transvaginal ultrasound in postmenopausal women.

Key words: Postmenopause, Endometrium, Ultrasonography, Hysteroscopy, Uterine hemorrhage, Pathology

鞠蕊, 阮祥燕, 辛德梅, 赵桂君. 绝经后子宫内膜增厚的阴道超声诊断进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2021, 48(3): 295-299.

JU Rui, RUAN Xiang-yan, XIN De-mei, ZHAO Gui-jun. Transvaginal Ultrasound Diagnosis in Endometrial Thickening of Postmenopausal Women[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 48(3): 295-299.

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