Abstract: Since 2015 US government announced the Precision Medicine Initiative, the concept of "precision medicine" is spreading quickly, which has seemingly become the mainstream of future medicine. According to the definition of National Institutes of Health, precision medicine provides a new method for preventing and managing diseases by applying combination of individual genetics, environmental exposures and life styles. Its primary objective is treatment for cancer, and longer-term goals are to engineer a new model for medical science that emphasizes engaged participants, responsible data sharing, and privacy protection. Precision medicine in itself is individualized medicine. By identification, verification and application of biomarkers for large cohort and specific diseases via genomics, proteomics and other advanced technologies, precision medicine searches for pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in order to achieve and improve individualized precise prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for specific diseases and patients. But there is no developed environment and limited achievements for precision medicine, we should be alert to its inflated enthusiasm and future orientation.