子宫内膜癌的分子病理分型及其研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20210953

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫内膜癌是一种在分子水平及组织学上存在显著异质性的恶性肿瘤,不同的病理类型具有不同的生物学行为及组织学特征。与其他组织学亚型的晚期癌症相类似,早期子宫内膜样癌通常采用辅助放射治疗,浆液性子宫内膜癌通常采用化疗。因此,正确的亚型分类是选择合适的辅助治疗方案的关键。目前,临床上子宫内膜癌的分型依旧引用Bokhman分型及世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）病理类型分型。随着精准医疗及分子诊疗技术的全面推广,传统子宫内膜癌分型方法在子宫内膜癌的个体化治疗、预后评估及相关遗传病筛查上的局限性逐渐凸显。临床上亟需一种优化的分型方法提供确切的理论及实践依据。2013年美国癌症基因组图谱（The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA）研究中心通过整合基因组特征的方法确定了子宫内膜癌的分子分型,该分型与Bokhman分型及WHO分型相比,取得了与子宫内膜癌患者预后更强的关联性,为子宫内膜癌的分子诊疗拉开了序幕。

关键词: 子宫内膜肿瘤, 基因组,人, 基因, 突变, 免疫疗法

Abstract:

Endometrial carcinoma is a malignant tumor with significant molecular and histological heterogeneity. Different pathological types have different biological behaviors and histological characteristics. Similar to advanced cancers of other histological subtypes, adjuvant radiation therapy is usually used for early-stage endometrioid carcinoma and chemotherapy is usually used for serous endometrial carcinoma. Therefore, the correct classification of subtypes is the key to choosing appropriate adjuvant therapy regimen. At present, the clinical classification of endometrial cancer still refers to Bokhman classification and WHO pathological classification. With the comprehensive promotion of precision medicine and molecular diagnosis and treatment technology, the limitations of traditional endometrial cancer typing methods in the individualized treatment of endometrial cancer, prognosis assessment and related genetic disease screening have become increasingly prominent. An optimized classification method is urgently needed in clinic to provide the exact theoretical and practical basis. In 2013, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) research center in the United States confirmed the molecular classification of endometrial cancer by integrating genomic features. Compared with Bokhman′s and WHO′s classification, this classification achieved a stronger correlation with the prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer, which opened the curtain for the molecular diagnosis and treatment of endometrial Cancer.

Key words: Endometrial neoplasms, Genome,human, Genes, Mutation, Immunotherapy

任文彬, 崔向荣, 张三元. 子宫内膜癌的分子病理分型及其研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2022, 49(3): 272-277.

REN Wen-bin, CUI Xiang-rong, ZHANG San-yuan. Research Progress on Molecular Pathological Classification of Endometrial Cancer[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 49(3): 272-277.

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