子宫内膜异位症与痛觉敏化的免疫学研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20240986

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis，EMs）是以慢性盆腔痛、痛经、性交痛及月经异常为主要特征，多发于育龄期女性的妇科慢性疾病。本病疼痛性质呈顽固性、渐进性，严重影响患者的生活质量。近年有研究表明异常免疫反应与这一疾病的发生及相关痛觉敏化有关。参与EMs相关痛觉敏化的免疫细胞主要包括巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、小胶质细胞和中性粒细胞等，白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子-α、神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子等炎症因子在其中发挥重要作用，这些免疫细胞和因子在EMs病理状态的影响下形成“炎症-免疫-神经”的痛觉敏化病理环境闭环，导致本病痛觉敏化的发生。综述目前关于EMs相关痛觉敏化的免疫学研究进展，以期揭示EMs相关痛觉敏化的免疫机制，为其临床防治提供理论依据。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 疼痛, 痛觉过敏, 免疫, 细胞因子类

Abstract:

Endometriosis (EMs) is a gynecological chronic disease characterized by chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and abnormal menstruation, which is common in women of childbearing age. The pain of this disease is refractory and progressive, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, some studies have shown that abnormal immune response is related to the occurrence of this disease and related pain sensitization. The immune cells involved in EMs-associated pain sensitization mainly include macrophages, mast cells, microglia and neutrophils. Inflammatory factors such as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor-α, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor play an important role in the process, which form the pathological environment of "inflammation-immune-nerve" under the pathological condition of EMs, leading to the occurrence of pain sensitization of this disease. The purpose of this article is to review the current research progress on the immunological mechanism of EMs-associated pain sensitization, in order to reveal the immune mechanism behind EMs-associated pain sensitization and provide theoretical basis for its clinical prevention and treatment.

Key words: Endometriosis, Pain, Hyperalgesia, Immunity, Cytokines

殷婷, 丛慧芳. 子宫内膜异位症与痛觉敏化的免疫学研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(2): 206-210.

YIN Ting, CONG Hui-fang. Progress in Immunological of Endometriosis and Pain Sensitization[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(2): 206-210.

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