Abstract:

Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare disease. The tumor typically grows along vascular vessels and can extend to the inferior vena cava, even to the heart. The pathogenesis remains still controversial at present. Most scholars are inclined to consider that the leiomyoma directly invades into myometrial veins and spreads along the vascular lumen. Uterine IVL usually occurs in 40 to 50 years old women with a reproductive history. The clinical manifestations in the early stages are not typical. If the lesion involves the inferior vena cava or right heart, it can cause ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, dyspnea, heart failure, and even sudden death in severe cases. Surgery is currently the preferred treatment method, but there is no consensus on the specific surgical plan. The recurrence rate of the disease is high, and long-term and close follow-up is required after the operation. The pathogenesis, high risk fators, clinical and imaging manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of uterine IVL are reviewed, in order to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the future.

Key words: Intravenous leiomyomatosis, Leiomyomatosis, Uterus, Diagnosis, Therapy, Prognosis