Abstract:

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminate (LPD) is a rare and specific type of smooth muscle tumor disease that presents as multiple smooth muscle myoma nodules on the surface of peritoneal, pelvic and abdominal organs. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear, but there are mainly theories, including subperitoneal mesenchymal stem cells theory, the iatrogenic theory, the sex hormone theory and the genetic theory. It occurs in pre-menopausal women and has an asymptomatic clinical presentation, with incidental findings on imaging or during surgery. Diagnosis depends on intraoperative exploration and postoperative pathology, and differentiation from benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis, intravenous leiomyomatosis and metastatic smooth muscle sarcoma based on history, the extent of intraoperative smooth muscle tumour spread and pathology, etc. Surgery is currently the preferred treatment method. The surgical approach needs to be considered in relation to the patient′s age, fertility requirements and symptoms, and endocrine therapy can be used as adjuvant treatment. Although the disease is benign, it has the potential for recurrence and malignancy and requires close long-term follow-up.

Key words: Leiomyomatosis, Peritoneal neoplasms, Diagnosis, Therapy, Prognosis