Abstract: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecologic diseases. It can be divided into primary dysmenorrhea（PD）and secondary dysmenorrhea upon whether pelvic pathology detected，which the former one is found in most cases. Along with the scientic high-tech development，there are a lot new researches on PD’s etiology these years such as abnormal cerebral metabolism，uterine vascularization，etc. Diet is the main risk factors scientist researching on. Doctors are finding the way to completely cure PD include pelvic nerve ablation，while alternative medicine provides more choices of treatment for patients. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on its etiology，risk factors and treatment.

Key words: Dysmenorrhea, Etiology, Review, Risk factors, Therapy