Abstract: Transurethral resection of prostate （TURP） syndrome during hysteroscopic surgery is a severe complication due to the absorption of irrigating fluids and pressure in uterine cavity, fluid overload and/or dilution hyponatremia cause a series of clinical symptoms. It can be a dread complication if it is not timely diagnosed and treated. The relevant pathophysiology of TURP syndrome was discussed through the analysis on four typical cases, the relative major factors include high-pressure perfusion and venous sinuses open during the surgery. The principles of preventive measures and treatments of this complication were discussed in order to strengthen the safety awareness of doctors, to reduce the incidence of this complication.

Key words: Hysteroscopes, Hysteroscopy, Heart failure, Hyponatremia, Transurethral resection of prostate syndrome