母体代谢和妊娠期营养对肠道菌群影响的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20250439

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

妊娠期营养对母体肠道菌群及胎儿发育的影响是临床关注的热点问题。母体内环境对胎儿发育及子代远期健康的影响日益受到重视。传统观点认为胎儿发育主要由基因程序主导，但研究表明胎儿具备复杂感知与学习能力，且母体营养代谢状态是决定子代健康的核心因素。基于“节约表型假说”，胎儿宫内营养不良可通过代谢重编程增加成年期代谢疾病风险。妊娠期营养通过重塑肠道菌群及其代谢产物谱，对胎儿发育编程及子代远期健康产生深远影响。综述妊娠期肠道菌群动态变化特征、激素与免疫调控机制，以及不同膳食模式对肠道菌群及母婴健康的作用。

关键词: 孕妇, 胃肠道微生物组, 微生物群, 产前营养生理学现象, 代谢

Abstract:

The influence of gestational nutrition on the maternal gut microbiota and fetal development is a hot-topic in clinical research. Increasing attention has been paid to the impact of the maternal internal environment on fetal development and the long-term health of offspring. Traditionally, it was believed that fetal development was mainly dominated by genetic programs. However, studies have shown that the fetus has complex perception and learning abilities, and the maternal nutritional and metabolic status is a key factor determining the health of offspring. Based on the "thrifty phenotype hypothesis", intrauterine malnutrition in the fetus can increase the risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood through metabolic reprogramming. Gestational nutrition has a profound impact on fetal developmental programming and the long-term health of offspring by reshaping the gut microbiota and its metabolite profile. This review summarizes the dynamic changes in gut microbiota during pregnancy, the hormonal and immune regulatory mechanisms, and the effects of different dietary patterns on the gut microbiota and the health of mothers and infants.

Key words: Pregnant women, Gastrointestinal microbiome, Microbiota, Prenatal nutritional physiological phenomena, Metabolism

赵小卫, 蒋璐. 母体代谢和妊娠期营养对肠道菌群影响的研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(5): 563-566.

ZHAO Xiao-wei, JIANG Lu. Research Progress on the Influence of Maternal Metabolism and Gestational Nutrition on Gut Microbiota[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(5): 563-566.

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