类器官在妇科恶性肿瘤中的应用

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20210751

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类器官（organoid）作为具有三维结构的微器官,可高度模拟来源组织的形态结构和生理功能,培养出有稳定表型的组织结构,是用于临床疾病研究的良好模型。类器官应用前景广泛,可作为各类生物医学研究的体外模型,并在生长发育、器官移植、信号传导通路、药物研发、高通量药物筛选及肿瘤个体化治疗等研究中发挥重要作用。已有研究表明类器官是妇科恶性肿瘤研究中一种新颖可靠的临床模型,对患者的精准化治疗和个体化治疗发挥重要作用。综述类器官在卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌及宫颈癌等妇科恶性肿瘤的分子机制和药物筛选等方面的研究进展。

关键词: 类器官, 生殖器肿瘤,女（雌）性, 癌, 药物筛选试验,抗肿瘤, 肿瘤模型

Abstract:

Organoids, as micro-organs with three-dimensional structures, can highly mimic the morphological structure and physiological functions of the source tissues, and cultivate tissue structures with stable phenotypes. Organoids are good models for basic and clinical researches. Organoids have great potential applications and can be used as in vitro models for various types of biomedical research. Organoids are of great significance in the research of growth and development, organ transplantation, signal transduction pathways, drug development, high-throughput drug screening, and individualized treatment of tumors. Studies have shown that organoids are novel and reliable clinical models for gynecological malignant tumor researches, which can play important roles in the precise and individualized treatment of patients. This article briefly reviews the molecular mechanism and drug screening of organoids in ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and other gynecological malignancies.

Key words: Organoids, Genital neoplasms,female, Carcinoma, Drug screening assays,antitumor, Tumor models

吴嘉兴, 汪希鹏. 类器官在妇科恶性肿瘤中的应用[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2022, 49(2): 186-190.

WU Jia-xing, WANG Xi-peng. Application of Organoids in Gynecological Malignant Tumors[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 49(2): 186-190.

图/表 2

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类型	样本来源	首次报道时间（年）	主要技术方法
结肠^[8-9]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2009	基质胶
脑^[10]	ESC/iPSC	2012	SFEBq
肺^[11]	正常组织	2014	基质胶
胃^[12]	正常组织/肿瘤	2014	基质胶
前列腺^[13]	正常组织/肿瘤	2014	基质胶
胰腺^[14]	正常组织/肿瘤	2013	基质胶
肾^[15]	iPSC	2013	基质胶
肝^[16]	正常组织/iPSC/肿瘤	2013	基质胶
乳腺^[17]	肿瘤	2018	气液传递系统
膀胱^[18]	肿瘤	2018	基质胶
胎盘^[19]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2018	基质胶
卵巢^[20]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2009	基质胶
宫颈^[21]	正常组织/肿瘤	2018	基质胶
子宫内膜^[22]	正常组织/iPSC/肿瘤	2017	基质胶

类型	样本来源	首次报道时间（年）	主要技术方法
结肠^[8-9]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2009	基质胶
脑^[10]	ESC/iPSC	2012	SFEBq
肺^[11]	正常组织	2014	基质胶
胃^[12]	正常组织/肿瘤	2014	基质胶
前列腺^[13]	正常组织/肿瘤	2014	基质胶
胰腺^[14]	正常组织/肿瘤	2013	基质胶
肾^[15]	iPSC	2013	基质胶
肝^[16]	正常组织/iPSC/肿瘤	2013	基质胶
乳腺^[17]	肿瘤	2018	气液传递系统
膀胱^[18]	肿瘤	2018	基质胶
胎盘^[19]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2018	基质胶
卵巢^[20]	正常组织/ESC/iPSC/肿瘤	2009	基质胶
宫颈^[21]	正常组织/肿瘤	2018	基质胶
子宫内膜^[22]	正常组织/iPSC/肿瘤	2017	基质胶

培养技术	优势	缺陷
PDC	培养条件简单体外扩增快	扩增过程丧失异质性无法表达部分重要特征
PDX	肿瘤异质性完好保存体内微环境相互作用	模型构建难度大样本质量要求高试验周期长经济消耗大种属差异难以控制
PDO	可多次扩增传代保真度高培养周期短	样本取材易受干扰培养条件复杂缺乏肿瘤微环境和系统性

培养技术	优势	缺陷
PDC	培养条件简单体外扩增快	扩增过程丧失异质性无法表达部分重要特征
PDX	肿瘤异质性完好保存体内微环境相互作用	模型构建难度大样本质量要求高试验周期长经济消耗大种属差异难以控制
PDO	可多次扩增传代保真度高培养周期短	样本取材易受干扰培养条件复杂缺乏肿瘤微环境和系统性