线粒体功能障碍调控卵巢衰老的机制

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20240940

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵母细胞老化主要表现为卵母细胞数量和质量的逐渐下降。线粒体是卵母细胞重要的细胞器，参与卵母细胞的成熟、受精及胚胎发育等一系列重要的生理过程。近年来越来越多的证据支持线粒体功能障碍调控卵巢衰老的过程。随着年龄的增加，卵母细胞中活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）聚集，卵母细胞线粒体呼吸链中关键基因的表达降低，机体对氧化应激的保护机制减弱，线粒体动力学发生改变，在衰老过程中转向裂变。由于线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA，mtDNA）与呼吸链接近，缺乏保护性组蛋白和有效的修复机制，mtDNA突变率增加，mtDNA拷贝数减少，最终导致卵母细胞及颗粒细胞凋亡增加，减数分裂过程异常，卵母细胞质量下降，加快了卵巢衰老。

关键词: 卵巢, 衰老, 氧化性应激, 线粒体动力学, DNA, 线粒体

Abstract:

Oocyte aging is mainly manifested by the gradual decline of oocyte quantity and quality. Mitochondria are important cellular organelles in oocytes and are involved in a series of important physiological processes, including oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development. In recent years, increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial dysfunction regulates the process of ovarian aging. With increasing age, reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulate in oocytes, the expression of key genes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of oocytes decreases, the body′s protective mechanism against oxidative stress is weakened, and mitochondrial dynamics are altered, shifting to fission in the aging process. As the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) is close to the respiratory chain and lacks protective histones and effective repair mechanism, the mutation rate of mtDNA increases and the copy number of mtDNA decreases, which ultimately leads to an increase in apoptosis of oocytes and granulosa cells, an abnormal meiotic process, and a decrease in the quality of oocytes, which accelerates ovarian aging.

Key words: Ovary, Aging, Oxidative stress, Mitochondrial dynamics, DNA, mitochondrial

齐丹丹, 朱海英, 曹海汝, 张跃敏. 线粒体功能障碍调控卵巢衰老的机制[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(1): 61-65.

QI Dan-dan, ZHU Hai-ying, CAO Hai-ru, ZHANG Yue-min. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Regulating Ovarian Aging[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(1): 61-65.

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