中药单体及复方调控PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的机制

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20251446

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早发性卵巢功能不全（premature ovarian insufficiency，POI）是一种以40岁前卵巢功能减退为特征的内分泌疾病，主要表现为月经紊乱、雌激素水平下降、卵巢储备功能减退及生育能力下降。POI的发病机制复杂，涉及遗传、免疫、代谢、环境等多种因素。研究表明，磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B（phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B，PI3K/Akt）信号通路在调控卵泡发育、颗粒细胞（granulosa cells，GCs）增殖与凋亡、氧化应激及炎症反应中发挥关键作用，其功能异常与POI的发生发展密切相关。多项研究表明，中药单体及复方可通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路，改善卵巢微环境、抑制GCs凋亡、促进卵泡发育与成熟，从而延缓卵巢功能衰退。综述PI3K/Akt信号通路在POI中的作用机制，以及中药单体及复方通过调控该通路治疗POI的研究进展，以期为POI的中医药治疗提供新思路。

关键词: 早发性卵巢功能不全, 磷酸肌醇3-激酶, 原癌基因蛋白质c-akt, 中药, 复方

Abstract:

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an endocrine disorder characterized by a decline of ovarian function before the age of 40, primarily presenting as menstrual irregularities, decreased estrogen levels, diminished ovarian reserve, and reduced fertility. The pathogenesis of POI is complex, involving multiple factors such as genetics, immunity, metabolism, and environment. Studies indicate that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating follicular development, proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs), oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Dysregulation of this pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of POI. Multiple studies have shown that Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulations can improve the ovarian microenvironment, inhibit apoptosis in GCs, and promote follicular development and maturation by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby delaying the decline of ovarian function. This review summarizes the mechanisms of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in POI and the research progress on Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulations in treating POI through regulation of this pathway, aiming to provide new insights for the treatment of POI with traditional Chinese medicine.

Key words: Premature ovarian insufficiency, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Proto-oncogene proteins c-akt, Traditional Chinese drugs, Compounds

蔡豪琴, 陈香楠, 王宇, 张茜, 吴效科. 中药单体及复方调控PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的机制[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2026, 53(3): 328-334.

CAI Hao-qin, CHEN Xiang-nan, WANG Yu, ZHANG Qian, WU Xiao-ke. Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine Monomers and Formulations in Treating Premature Ovarian Insufficiency by Regulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026, 53(3): 328-334.

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