Abstract: Preterm birth is one of obstetric complications and is the primary cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, prediction and early diagnosis of preterm labor, become one of obstetric research focus in recent years. Domestic and international obstetric community and neonatology have done a lot of researches on many aspects including the physical indicators, laboratory biochemical, immunological indicators, the use of tocolytic drugs, antibiotic applications, and promotion of fetal lung maturation. They have brought a lot of approaches of prevention, treatment of preterm labor and reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity. It focuses on introducing measurement of cervical length with transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cerclage, progesterone preparation（17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate）, cytokine（C-reactive protein） and medicine supplementary therapy（vitamin C and vitamin E） from evidence-based medicine in prevention and therapy of preterm birth.

Key words: Evidence-based medicine, Premature birth, Therapy, Preventive medicine