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15 April 2011, Volume 38 Issue 2
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Large Cervical Conization Could be as a Surgical Modality for Early-stage Cervical Cancer? GAO Yong-liang;ZHU Jian-qing 2011, 38 (2):  87-88.  Abstract ( 1490 )   PDF (150KB) ( 4902 )   Radical hysterectomy and radical trachelectomy are important surgical modalities for cervical cancer. Although better effect is accompanied with these operations，many complications might occur，some even more serious. Many clinical trials showed that parametrial involvement was not found in low risk early-stage cervical cancer. In recent years，risk factors for parametrial spread is better understood. All these results establish the basis of less radical surgical procedure for early-stage cervical cancer. Large cervical conization with pelvic lymphadenectomy could be a reasonable therapeutic option for some low risk early-stage cervical cancer to reduce complications and improve quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cord Blood Stem Cell：Basic Biology and Transplantation DANG Jian-hong;JIN Zhi-jun 2011, 38 (2):  89-92.  Abstract ( 2062 )   PDF (265KB) ( 4880 )   In recent years, cord blood stem cell（CB-SCS） has emerged as an alternative source of stem cell transplantation. CB-SCS transplantation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）, lower transplant related mortality （TRM） and disease recurrence, compared with bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. This review report an itemized classification of CB-SCs populations, which is important to better understand which tissues can be replaced using CB-SCs and how the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from CB-SCs is changing the field. Furthermore, we also review the transplantation of CB-SCs in the clinical and regenerative medicine for a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases, especially for hematological diseases. The great advantage of umbilical cord blood stem cell create a new chapter for stem cell transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stem Cell Therapy for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence LU Li;LU An-wei 2011, 38 (2):  93-95.  Abstract ( 1642 )   PDF (355KB) ( 4906 )   Stress urinary incontinence（SUI）is a condition that associated with social impact and a reduced quality of life for women of each age group，current treatment methods do not yield satisfactory results. The middle urethral contained rhabdosphincter is critical for maintaining continence through the pathogenesis of stress incontinence exploration.In recent years，research of autologous stem cell-based therapy research suggests a new favorable paradigm in treatment for female SUI. The application of stem cell injectable therapy in the treatment of SUI is reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Neuroendocrine Origin of Perimenopausal Hot Flushes LU Ze-chun;CHEN Ya-qiong 2011, 38 (2):  97-100.  Abstract ( 1589 )   PDF (260KB) ( 4989 )   Although hot flushes are the most common characteristic during menopause but underlying physiopathological mechanisms has not yet been clarified. Trials of drugs that selectively inhibit the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenalin have shown some beneficial effects which provides new insight into the pathophysiology of hot flushes. A variety of chemical pathways have been proposed involving estrogen，serotonin，endorphin，noradrenalin and dopamine. Flushing occurs as a result of disturbance of the temperature regulating system situated in the hypothalamus on low estrogen conditions，and probably a reduction in the thermoneutral zone, within which fluctuations of basal body temperature do not provoke compensatory vascular responses. Many factors have been implicated, including hormone factors, serotonin, gonadotrophins and multip neurohumoral mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis XIA Yan;JIN Zhi-jun 2011, 38 (2):  101-104.  Abstract ( 1526 )   PDF (306KB) ( 5039 )   Vulvovaginal candidiasis（VVC）is a common disease, occurring mostly in women of childbearing age. Currently available options for the treatment of VVC include local and oral therapy. Both alternatives are effective. The availability of numerous antifungal drugs for topical administration makes the selection quite challenging. Now it is generally considered that azoles is the preference, with nystatin, amphotericin B and boric acid considered as second-line alternatives, with lactobacillus, oils and antihistamine as adjuvant alternatives. Unconventional approaches may also be regarded as suitable in patients refractory to usual treatments. When treatment of VVC, some other important issues should be taken into consideration, such as pregnancy, menopause, drug hypersensitivity, women’s preference and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advancement on the Influence of CO2 Pneumoperitoneum During Laparoscopic Surgery on Peritoneum and Internal-abdomen Environment JIA Yan;WANG Yong-hong 2011, 38 (2):  105-107.  Abstract ( 1641 )   PDF (230KB) ( 5153 )   In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive technique, laparoscopic surgery in gynecology field has been gradually dominant and tends to replace the traditional laparectomy surgery. Compared with the traditional surgery, laparoscopic surgery in 2D images, needing pneumoperitoneum to exposure the surgical field. With the increase in the number of cases of laparoscopic surgery and surgical expansion of the scope surgery, the complications of laparoscopic surgery has gradually been recognized. CO2 pneumoperitoneum can lead to peritoneal mesothelium cell swellon, connection terminated and basement membrane became exposed, inhibit the activity of abdominal macrophage, NK cells, T lymphocytes. This article will review the influence of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on peritoneum and internal-abdomen environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Study on the Relationship Between the Spindle Checkpoint and Carcinoma CHEN Yong-hua;WANG Jian-liu 2011, 38 (2):  108-111.  Abstract ( 1730 )   PDF (265KB) ( 5047 )   The spindle checkpoint is an important cell-cycle surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis and is required for genetic stability. It has become increasingly clear that malfunction of the cell-cycle surveillance mechanism involving the spindle checkpoint contributes to cancer formation. Accumulated evidence shows that deregulated expression, genotypic polymorphism or promoter methylation of the mitotic checkpoint components are associated with tumourigenesis. Anti-cancer drugs disrupt the normal function of the mitotic spindle and cause spindle checkpoint-mediated mitotic arrest and/or apoptosis. Delineating the precise regulatory mechanisms of the spindle checkpoint will provide novel effective strategies in anticancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advancement in the Research on Regulatory T Cells and Tumor MA Xin-hua;DING Yan 2011, 38 (2):  112-114.  Abstract ( 2518 )   PDF (204KB) ( 4900 )   CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells（Treg） is a subset with acknowledged specific function of inhibiting immune responses. CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells have been associated with prevention of antitumor immunity and the evasion of efficient recognition of tumor antigens. These T cells play critical roles in immunologic self-tolerance, anti-tumor immune responses, transplantation and so on. Treg cells could inhibit antitumor immunity. FOXP3 serves as an important regulator for the development and function of Treg cells. FOXP3 has emerged as a critical regulator of the development and function of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. The regulatory effect of Treg cells is key in tumor immunotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gynecological Malignancies and Inflammation OU-YANG Jing;WAN Jing;WAN Xiao-ping 2011, 38 (2):  115-119.  Abstract ( 1622 )   PDF (248KB) ( 4946 )   There are growing evidences showing that inflammation plays an important role in carcinogenesis， development and metastasis and other aspects. In addition， some signaling molecules involved in innate immunity such as selectins， chemokines and their receptors can promote tumor cell invasion， migration and metastasis. Tumor cells， the surrounding normal host stromal cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells， together constitute tumor micro-environment，the micro-environment that contains various types of inflammatory cells and molecules is the basis for the continued proliferation of tumor cells. Research on the relationship between inflammation and gynecologic malignancies will not only help to understand the pathogenesis of gynecologic malignancies， but also provide a new strategy for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Study on Carcinogenesis of Three HPV Early Oncoproteins ZHANG Dong;QU Quan-xin 2011, 38 (2):  120-122.  Abstract ( 1555 )   PDF (239KB) ( 4973 )   HR-HPV infection is one of the important reasons for cervical cancer. E5, E6 and E7 are three early oncoproteins ecoded from HR-HPV, they can stimulate growth and transformation of cervical epithelial cells. Recent researches revealed that E5 could cause cancer by means of interfering the growth factor receptors, disturbing cyclins and CDKs and promoting the transformation of virus oncogenes. E6 could intervene P53 to lose its negatively adjustment function to cell proliferation, and cause cells proliferation and malignant transformation toward infinity. E7 could cause cancer mainly through intervention to remove the retinoblastoma cell proliferation function. This article is to review research progresses of carcinogenesis mechanism about the three oncoproteins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibin A and Activin A with Pregnancy SONG Qi-ying;SHEN Zong-ji 2011, 38 (2):  123-127.  Abstract ( 1837 )   PDF (257KB) ( 4994 )   Human placenta are the major site of production and secretion of inhibin A and activin A in maternal serum，amniotic fluid，and umbilical cord blood. It is evident from recent studies that inhibin A and Activin A could be the better markers of placental function. Becasuse the values of inhibin A and activin A differ in the pathogenesis of gestational diseases，such as gestational trophoblastic disease，abortion，ectopic pregnancy，hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy，fetal hypoxia，aneuploidy，and so on. The measurement of inhibin A and activin A in the biological fluids of pregnancy will offer the possibility in the early diagnosis，prediction，and monitoring diseases of pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Research of the Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Onset of Premature Delivery WANG Fen;CAO Yun-xia 2011, 38 (2):  128-131.  Abstract ( 1484 )   PDF (253KB) ( 4867 )   In recent years, premature delivery has an ascending trend in whatever developed countries or poorer areas. Premature infants is 45.9%—75% of neonates mortality, while 8%—25% survived infants have nerve and intelligence sequelae. The etiology of preterm labor and deliver is still not clear. Internal inflammation reaction may be its leading pathogeny. Manifold pathogen cause infection in uterine cavity, promote matrix metalloproteinases express rapidly in fibroblasts. MMPs decompose the extracellular matrix and regulate glycosamine, thus stimulates amnion, decidua and chorion to produce prostaglandin（PG）. PG can result in the preterm premature rupture of the membranes, the cervical ripening and dilation, uterine contraction and placenta abruption. At the end, premature delivery is unavoidable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evidence-Based Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Preterm Birth WU Xiang;ZHANG Xue-qin 2011, 38 (2):  132-135.  Abstract ( 1441 )   PDF (234KB) ( 4892 )   Preterm birth is one of obstetric complications and is the primary cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, prediction and early diagnosis of preterm labor, become one of obstetric research focus in recent years. Domestic and international obstetric community and neonatology have done a lot of researches on many aspects including the physical indicators, laboratory biochemical, immunological indicators, the use of tocolytic drugs, antibiotic applications, and promotion of fetal lung maturation. They have brought a lot of approaches of prevention, treatment of preterm labor and reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity. It focuses on introducing measurement of cervical length with transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cerclage, progesterone preparation（17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate）, cytokine（C-reactive protein） and medicine supplementary therapy（vitamin C and vitamin E） from evidence-based medicine in prevention and therapy of preterm birth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Fetal Bilirubin Metabolism and the Relationship Between It and Fetal Outcome WANG Xiao-lu;SHAO Yong 2011, 38 (2):  136-139.  Abstract ( 1594 )   PDF (232KB) ( 4865 )   Bilirubin metabolism plays an important role for the human，free bilirubin can pass through cell membranes， blood-brain barrier and lipid membranes freely， resulting in cell toxicity and neonatal kernicterus.Fetal bilirubin metabolism is different from the adults′. Because of the immaturity of fetal liver function， only a small amount of fetal bilirubin can be transformed into non-toxic conjugated bilirubin via fetal liver， while most of the unconjugated bilirubin dissolved in the plasma in the form of bilirubin-albumin complex is transferred to mother to be metabolized by bilirubin carriers in the placenta. In certain pathological conditions， such as high concentration of bilirubin or low concentration of albumin， bilirubin-albumin complex may be dissociated from albumin binding sites to free bilirubin， which can result in neurotoxic effects on fetus，causing fetal adverse outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Various Imaging Patterns of STIC Technology Apply in Fetal Heart QIAN Xiao-qin;GU Jian-juan 2011, 38 (2):  140-142.  Abstract ( 2456 )   PDF (215KB) ( 4947 )   The spatiotemporal image correlation（STIC） technology acquires the fetal heart data from the movie playback of the three-dimensional images. Compared with conventional two-dimensional ultrasound, STIC technology can provide more cardiac anatomy section observation and information, simplify the image acquisition process, reduce dependence on examiner experience. STIC technology has a variety of imaging modes, including the render mode, sect. planes mode, TUI mode, Volume analysis mode ,and each mode can be combinationed with color Doppler, power Doppler, B-FLOW technology. Physician can select different imaging modes to help offline analysis, which showed fetal heart anatomy and diagnostic of congenital heart disease Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Ambient Temperature Changes on Expression of c-Fos Protein in the Supraoptic Nucleus and the Paraventricular Nuclei of Ovariectomized Rats ZHANG Hui;MA Xiao-yan;WANG Ke;YANG Li-yuan;BAI Wen-pei;QIN Li-hua 2011, 38 (2):  143-147.  Abstract ( 2848 )   PDF (495KB) ( 5009 )   Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of c-Fos protein expression in supraoptic nucleus（SO） and paraventricular nuclei（PVN） to investigate the dysfunction mechanism in blood，osmotic pressure and thermoregulation of climacteric period following different ambient temperature stimulation to ovariectomized rats. Methods: Rats of ovariectomy group（OVX group） and Sham operation group（Sham group） were placed in incubators at 4 ℃，10 ℃，25 ℃，33 ℃ and 38 ℃ for 2 hours respectively， and then remove their brains after anesthesia. c-Fos expression was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: Comparison of c-Fos protein expression- positive cell densities in OVX and Sham groups under the same temperature: SO has markedly low strong positive cell densities under 4 ℃，10 ℃ and 38 ℃；PVN has low strong positive cell densities under 4 ℃，10 ℃，33 ℃ and 38 ℃. The c-Fos protein expression-positive cell densities in SO and in PVN of Sham group and OVX group under different temperatures share the same change rule，i.e. below 25 ℃ the cell densities decrease as the temperature rises，while above 25 ℃ they increase as the temperature rises. Under different temperatures，the strong positive cell densities of Sham group in SO and PVN are significantly different between adjacent temperatures；the strong positive cell densities of OVX group in SO share the same rules，except between 4 ℃ and 10 ℃ and between 33 ℃ and 38 ℃；while OVX group in PVN have difference only between 25 ℃and 33 ℃. Conclusions: Under the same temperature stimuli，the expression of c-Fos protein of different groups in SO and in PVN differs. Under different temperature stimuli，the range of excitatory neurons in SO and in PVN narrows and the densities decrease，which may possibly resulting in abnormalities of blood and osmotic pressure and thermoregulation and further leading to a series of climacteric symptoms such as dizziness，fluctuation of blood pressure and hot flashes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Remifemin on Expression of 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR in Preoptic Area of Hypothalamus of Ovariectomized Rat MA Xiao-yan;ZHANG Hui;WANG Ke;YANG Li-yuan;ZHU Sai-nan;PU Ming-liang;QIN Li-hua;BAI Wen-pei 2011, 38 (2):  148-154.  Abstract ( 2732 )   PDF (652KB) ( 5101 )   Objective：To investigate regional changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT）1A receptors（5-HT1AR） and 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） 2A receptors（5-HT2AR） in the OVX rat preoptic area of hypothalamus after 1-4 weeks treatment with isopropanolic black cohosh extract—remifemin（ICR）， and explore its potential mechanism of alleviating hot flushes during the peri-menopausal period. Methods：The rats were divided into four groups, ovariectomy （OVX） group，sham group，ovariectomy with estradiol valerate（E2） treatment（OVX+E2）group， and ovariectomy with ICR treatment（OVX+ICR） group. The sham group underwent a sham operation without ovariectomies，while the other three groups underwent bilateral ovariectomies under sterile conditions. All rats were given 2 weeks to recover after the operation，then each group was given a different treatment lasting 1 week，2 weeks，3 weeks and 4 weeks. The expression of 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR in the rat preoptic area of hypothalamus（POAH）were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results：①After 1-4 weeks′ treatment，the number of 5-HT1AR positive cells and the optical density（OD） in POAH of OVX group significantly increased compared with that in the same period of sham group；while the number of 5-HT1AR positive cells and the optical density in periventricular zone of OVX+ICR group and OVX+E2 group significantly decreased compared with that in the same period of OVX group. ②After 1-4 weeks′ treatment， the number of 5-HT2AR positive cells and the optical density （OD） in intermediate zone and lateral zone of OVX group significantly increased compared with that in the same period of sham group. The number of 5-HT2AR positive cells and the optical density（OD） in intermediate zone and lateral zone of OVX+ICR group and OVX+E2 group significantly increased compared with that in the same period of OVX group after 1-2 weeks′ treatment. While the result is reverse after 3-4 weeks′ treatment. Conclusions：Ovariectomized rats had increased expression of 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR.After treatment with remifemin or estradiol valerate，the expression of 5-HT1AR in POAH significantly decreased. While the expression of 5-HT2AR in POAH decreased following an increased period. Regulating the expression of 5-HT1AR and 5-HT2AR in POAH may be one of the mechanisms of remifemin alleviating menopausal hot flush . Related Articles | Metrics

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Study Between the Defect of Endothelial Cell，the Dysfunctions of Blood Clotting with the Morbidity of Severe Pre-eclampsia LI Zeng-yan;LIANG Yuan 2011, 38 (2):  155-157.  Abstract ( 1899 )   PDF (210KB) ( 4882 )   Objective: To observe the markers of coagulation—vWF and AT in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and to explore its clinical treatment value. Methods: Using the SYSMEX CA7000 automated hematology analyzer in 27 normal pregnant women and 102 gestational hypertension women to detect the markers, including the part activation thrombin time（APTT）, prothrombin time（PT）, antithrombin （AT），von Willebrand factor（vWF）. Results: ①The activity of AT in the severe eclampsism is lower than that in the mild and the control group. The difference have statistical significance（P ＜0.05）. No statistical significance between the control and mild group（P ＞0.05）. ②The activity of vWF in the severe eclampsism group is higher than that in the mild and the control group, which have statistically significant（P ＜0.05）.No statistical significance between the control and the mild group（P ＞0.05）. ③The differences of PT、APTT、FIB among the control group、the mild group and the severe group are not statistically significant（P ＞ 0.05）. ④The AT level of the complications group is significant lower than that of complications group（P ＜0.05）.The activity of vWF is significantly higher than that of no complications（P ＜0.05）. Conclusions: Monitoring vWF, AT levels contribute to early diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, guide the use of drugs, and improve the prognosis of patient. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluate the Function of the β-cell in the Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Challenge Test ZHANG Zhi-kun;CHEN Xu;CHANG Ying 2011, 38 (2):  158-160.  Abstract ( 2336 )   PDF (284KB) ( 4936 )   Objective: To evaluate the function of the β-cell in the pregnant women with abnormal GCT and its clinical significance. Methods: A glucose challenge test（GCT） was carried out in all regular examined pregnant women, from 24 to 28 pregnant weeks. If the report was abnormal, they would be required to undergo the oral glucose tolerance test（OGTT）. Then according to the standard of ADA, they were divided into three groups including GDM, GIGT and normality. Then the evaluation of the function of the β-cell was carried out on them. Results: ①HOMA-β of GIGT and NP group were higher than the GDM group, the difference was statistically significant（P <0.0001）. HOMA-IR of NP and GIGT group were lower than the GDM group, the difference was statistically significant（P <0.0001）.②Compared those patients with normal fasting blood glucose between GDM group and GIGT group on the HOMA-β and HOMA-IR, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Between GDM group and GIGT group with normal and abnormal fasting blood glucose that the HOMA-β were no significant differences, but HOMA-IR difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: β-cell dysfunction of GIGT women has existed. We must pay attention to these women, especially to the women of fasting glucose impaired. We should provide them rational interventions, reducing the complication of pregnancy and the incidence of T2DM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of the Nutrition and Metabolism During the Third Trimester of Gestational Diabetes DONG Sheng-wen;HAN Cha;GAO Xiao-li;NIU Xiu-min 2011, 38 (2):  161-162.  Abstract ( 2327 )   PDF (229KB) ( 4924 )   Objective: This study is aimed to comprehend the nutrition and metabolism state of the gestational diabetes mellitus during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Compare the 148 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus with the 150 normal control patients from the age, gestational age, parity. The main testing indicators include BMI changes in value during pregnancy, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Calcium, creatinine level in blood and the birth weight of the fetal. Results: Compared with normal pregnancy,the increasing in value during pregnancy of the GDM is higher, the difference was statistically significant（t =2.85，P =0.006）, and the differences of the years and weeks in pregnancy are not statistically significant. The probability of the fetal macrosomia in GDM is much higher than in the NGT, which is statistically significant（P ＜0.05）. The level of the serum albumin, triglycerides and Calcium of the GDM are significantly different from the NGT, which are statistically significant（P ＜0.05）. But the total cholesterol and creatinine level in blood between the two groups are not signigicantly different. Conclusions: In gestational diabetes mellitus group there are obvious states in Glucose and lipid metabolism. It is of great significance for the gestational diabetes mellitus treatment and the nutrition during pregnancy to monitoring the changes of weight and the related biochemical indicators. Related Articles | Metrics