Abstract: In recent years, cord blood stem cell（CB-SCS） has emerged as an alternative source of stem cell transplantation. CB-SCS transplantation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）, lower transplant related mortality （TRM） and disease recurrence, compared with bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. This review report an itemized classification of CB-SCs populations, which is important to better understand which tissues can be replaced using CB-SCs and how the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from CB-SCs is changing the field. Furthermore, we also review the transplantation of CB-SCs in the clinical and regenerative medicine for a variety of malignant and non-malignant diseases, especially for hematological diseases. The great advantage of umbilical cord blood stem cell create a new chapter for stem cell transplantation.

Key words: Cord blood stem cell transplantation, Hematologic diseases, Regenerative medicine