Abstract: Objective：To improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of obstetrical abdominal compartment syndrome （ACS） by investigating its risk factors，clinical characteristics，diagnosis and treatment outcome. Methods：The clinical data of forty obstetrical abdominal compartment syndrome patients were retrospectively analyzed. The cases received conservative treatment and cesarean-section separately. Results：The prevalence of hydramnios，proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia were the highest among the risk factors； Abdominal distention and oliguria were the major clinical characteristics；Primary laboratory abnormalities were massive ascites（37.5%） and hyperuricemia（50%）. Of forty cases，14 cases（35%，14/40）were misdiagnosed. All cases experienced rehabilitation discharge. Conclusions：Acute hydramnios due to various causes and capillary leak syndrome complicated by preeclampsia are the leading cause of the obstetrical abdominal compartment syndrome，early clinical identification and quickly effcient treatment play a key role in improving prognosis．

Key words: Abdominal cavity, Risk factors, Pre-eclampsia, Peritoneal diseases, Syndrome, Retrospective studies