Abstract: Premature ovarian failure （POF） is a common gynecologic endocrine disease. The cause of POF is complex and diverse. Genetic，autoimmune disease，infection，iatrogenic factors all can induce POF，but the etiology of more than 50% POF patients is still unclear. The clinical manifestations of POF are complex and varied，early diagnosis is difficult and it takes an average of five years to be confirmed. Vaginal ultrasound，hormone level determination，anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B can predict ovarian function in a certain degree. Because of significant impact on physical and psychological health，early diagnosis and treatment are significantly important. For POF patients，hormone replacement is the main therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms，but donating oocyte for IVF is the important method to solve fertility problems. Self-ovarian transplantation，ovarian and follicle vitrification technologies bring more hope for the infertility patients.

Key words: Ovarian failure, premature, Hormone replacement therapy, Autoimmune diseases, Tissue transplantation