Abstract: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one of the most common gynecological disease of middle and aged women. Although the fundamental etiology of POP is not well explained yet, it is believed to be the consequences of the defect, damage and dysfunction in the supporting structures of pelvic. With the new concepts and technology research on POP, the neural injury theory has become one of the hottest topics in women urology research field. There is strong evidence from electrophysiological and pathophysiological study that nerve injury and its related neuropeptides deficiency may cause denervation of pelvic supportive muscles, which can play an essential role in POP development. This review will introduce the recent prevailing research work on pelvic floor nerve injury and pelvic floor denervation.