Abstract: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play an important role in many tissues as one of the members of the family of STATs. STAT3 is the main regulator in the process of cell growth. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is intracellular protein tyrosine kinase, which are involved in the signal transduction of hematopoietic and immune systems and play an important role in the signal transduction of a variety of cytokines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a glycoprotein, a specific mitogen of endothelial cells, specifical to vascular endothelial cells, which can increase angiogenesis formation and vascular permeability. As an important substrate of JAK2, STAT3 plays a key role in the signal transduction of cytokines. The regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of normal immunity. VEGF and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway regulate the target gene expression, promote the formation of neovascularization, directly involve in the disease occurrence and development process in gynecological tumor, endometriosis and other diseases. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of VEGF and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in gynecological diseases.