Research Progress of Biological Pathway Synergistic Effect and Premature Rupture of Membranes

Abstract

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes（PROM） is a risk factor for increased fetal morbidity and mortality during perinatal period. Existing data and medical techniques are still difficult to accurately predict the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes, it is essential to understand the mechanism of PROM and accurately diagnose PROM to reduce maternal and child infections. Existing studies have found that cytokines, thrombin and matrix metalloproteinase activation, oxidative stress and apoptosis are the main biological pathways of PROM. These biological processes are caused by a variety of causes including infection, inflammation, placental hemorrhage and excessive uterine uterus. To explore the biological mechanism of PROM by combining the synergistic actions of various biological pathways with the weakening of the membrane and to find a breakthrough in the prediction and prevention of PROM is of great significance to modern medicine.

Key words: Fetal membranes, premature rupture, Cytokines, Matrix metalloproteinases, Thrombin, Apoptosis, Oxidative stress

LIU Wen-cui，BAI Yu-fang，MU Wan-ru，LU Li，QI Cun-xiu，SU Zhan-hai，WANG Rong-hua. Research Progress of Biological Pathway Synergistic Effect and Premature Rupture of Membranes[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018, 45(5): 544-548.

References

【1】Knapik D, ?wita?a J, Olejek A. [Premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of pregnancy as a medical problem]. Ginekol Pol. 2016; 87(3): 211–216, indexed in Pubmed: 27306131. 【2】ACOG Practice Bulletin No.188 Prelabor Rupture of Membranes [PMIDU29266075] 【3】 McDonald CR，Tran V，Kain KC. Complement Activation in Placental Malaria[J]. Front Microbiol，2015，6：1460. 【4】Synergy and Interactions Among Biological Pathways Leading to Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes 【5】 Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstetrics Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280-289. 【6】 Noor S, Nazar AF, Bashir R, Sultana R. Prevalence of PPROM and its outcome. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2007;19(4):14-17. 【7】 Obi SN, Ozumba BC. Pre-term premature rupture of fetal membranes:the dilemma of management in a developing nation.J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;27(1):37-40. 【8】 Brace RA. Physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation. Clin Obstetrics Gynecol. 1997;40(2):280-289. 【9】 Meinert M, Eriksen GV, Petersen AC, Helmig RB, Laurent C,Uldbjerg N, et al. Proteoglycans and hyaluronan in human fetal membranes. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.2001;184(4):679-85. 【10】Malak TM, Ockleford CD, Bell SC, Dalgleish R, Bright N,Macvicar J. Confocal immunofluorescence localization of collagen types I, III, IV,Vand VI and their ultrastructural organization in term human fetal membranes. Placenta. 1993;14(4):385-406. 【11】Hieber AD, Corcino D, Motosue J, et al. Detection of elastin in the human fetal membranes: proposed molecular basis for elasticity. Placenta. 1997;18(4):301-312. 【12】Joyce EM, Moore JJ, Sacks MS. Biomechanics of the fetal membrane prior to mechanical failure: review and implications. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;144(suppl 1):S121-S127. 【13】El Khwad M, Stetzer B, Moore RM, et al. Term human fetal membranes have a weak zone overlying the lower uterine pole and cervix before onset of labor. Biol Reprod. 2005;72(3):720-726. 【14】El Khwad M, Pandey V, Stetzer B, et al. Fetal membranes from term vaginal deliveries have a zone of weakness exhibiting characteristics of apoptosis and remodeling. J Soc Gynecol Investig.2006;13(3):191-195. 【15】Rangaswamy N, Abdelrahim A, Moore RM, et al. Biomechanical characteristics of human fetal membranes. Preterm fetal membranes are stronger than term fetal membranes [in French]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2011;39(6):373-377. 【16】Oyen ML, Calvin SE, Landers DV. Premature rupture of the fetal membranes: is the amnion the major determinant? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(2):510-515. 【17】Canzoneri BJ, Feng L, Grotegut CA, Bentley RC, Heine RP, Murtha AP. The chorion layer of fetal membranes is prematurely destroyed in women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Reprod Sci. 2013;20(10):1246-1254. 【18】 Malak TM, Bell SC. Structural characteristics of term human fetal membranes: a novel zone of extreme morphological alteration within the rupture site. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101(5):375-386. 【19】Strauss JF III. Extracellular matrix dynamics and fetal membrane rupture. Reprod Sci. 2013;20(2):140-153. 【20】Menon R, Fortunato SJ. The role of matrix degrading enzymes and apoptosis in rupture of membranes. J Soc Gynecol Investig.2004;11(7):427-437. 【21】 Menon R, Fortunato SJ. Infection and the role of inflammation in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;21(3):467-478. 【22】Saglam A, Ozgur C, Derwig I, Unlu BS, Gode F, Mungan T. The role of apoptosis in preterm premature rupture of the human fetal membranes. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013;288(3):501-505. 【23】Fortunato SJ, Menon R, Bryant C, Lombardi SJ. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) as a possible pathway to metalloproteinase activation and fetal membrane degradation in premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(6):1468-1476. 【24】Menon R, Fortunato SJ, Yu J, et al. Cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in normal term fetal membranes. Placenta.2011;32(4):317-322. 【25】Longini M, Perrone S, Vezzosi P, et al. Association between oxidative stress in pregnancy and preterm premature rupture of membranes.Clin Biochem. 2007;40(11):793-797. 【26】Barrera G. Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Cancer Progression and Therapy. ISRN Oncology. 2012;137289:21. doi:10.5402/2012/137289 【27】Mercer BM, Abdelrahim A, Moore RM, et al. The impact of vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy and in vitro upon fetal membrane strength and remodeling. Reprod Sci. 2010;17(7):685-695. 【28】Lim R, Barker G, Wall CA, Lappas M. Dietary phytophenols curcumin,naringenin and apigenin reduce infection-induced inflammatory and contractile pathways in human placenta, foetal membranes and myometrium. Mol Hum Reprod. 2013;19(7):451-462. 【29】Joaquin SF, Romero R, Espinoza J, et al. Prelabor rupture of membranes. In: Reece EA, John CH, eds. Clinical Obstetrics: The Fetus and The Mother. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing;2007:1130-1188. 【30】DiGiulio DB, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, et al. Prevalence and diversity of microbes in the amniotic fluid, the fetal inflammatoryresponse, and pregnancy outcome in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010;64(1):38-57. 【31】Whidbey C, Harrell MI, Burnside K, et al. A hemolytic pigment of Group B Streptococcus allows bacterial penetration of human placenta. J Exp Med. in press. 2013;210(6):1265-1281. 【32】Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Palacio M, et al. Intra-amniotic inflammatory response in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. PloS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43677. 【33】Kumar D, Schatz F, Moore RM, et al. The effects of thrombin and cytokines upon the biomechanics and remodeling of isolated amnion membrane, in vitro. Placenta. 2011;32(3):206-213. 【34】Vanderhoeven JP, Bierle CJ, Kapur RP, et al. Group B streptococcal infection of the choriodecidua induces dysfunction of the cytokeratin network in amniotic epithelium: a pathway to membrane weakening. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(3):e1003920. 【35】Chen D, Dorling A. Critical roles for thrombin in acute and chronic inflammation. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(suppl 1):122-126. 【36】Erez O, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, et al. A link between a hemostatic disorder and preterm PROM: a role for tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. J Matern Fetal Neona.2008;21(10):732-744. 【37】Matta P, Lockwood CJ, Schatz F, et al. Thrombin regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human first trimester and term decidual cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(3):268.e1-e8. 【38】 Puthiyachirakkal M, Lemerand K, Kumar D, et al. Thrombin weakens the amnion extracellular matrix (ECM) directly rather than through protease activated receptors. Placenta. 2013;34(10):924-931. 【39】 Moore RM, Schatz F, Kumar D, et al.Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits hrombin-induced fetal membrane weakening in vitro. Placenta. 2010;31(10):886-892. 【40】Falk SJ, Campbell LJ, Lee-Parritz A, et al. Expectant management in spontaneous preterm premature rupture of membranes between 14 and 24 weeks’ gestation. J Perinatol. 2004;24(10):611-616. 【41】Sooranna SR, Lee Y, Kim LU, Mohan AR, Bennett PR, Johnson MR. Mechanical stretch activates type 2 cyclooxygenase via activator protein-1 transcription factor in human myometrial cells. Mol Hum Reprod. 2004;10(2):109-113. 【42】Terzidou V, Sooranna SR, Kim LU, Thornton S, Bennett PR,Johnson MR. Mechanical stretch up-regulates the human oxytocin receptor in primary human uterine myocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(1):237-246. 【43】Zhao Y, Koga K, Osuga Y, et al. Cyclic stretch augments production of neutrophil chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) from human decidual cells, and the production was reduced by progesterone. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013;69(5):454-462.

[1]	MA Ling, LI Ya-xi, ZHAO Min, WANG Jing, LI Hong-li. Progress on the Relationship between Apoptosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(2): 121-126.
[2]	YIN Ting, CONG Hui-fang. Progress in Immunological of Endometriosis and Pain Sensitization [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(2): 206-210.
[3]	XU Shu-ying, XU Hai-peng, WANG Li-na, ZHANG Yang. Relationship between Zinc and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(2): 217-221.
[4]	QI Dan-dan, ZHU Hai-ying, CAO Hai-ru, ZHANG Yue-min. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Regulating Ovarian Aging [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(1): 61-65.
[5]	YANG Li, YANG Jing, YE Erdengqieqieke, HAN Rui, LA Xiao-lin. The Effect of BCL6 on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Invasion, and Migration of HTR-8/SVneo Trophoblast Cells [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(6): 659-663.
[6]	LI Dong-nan, XIANG Rong, WANG Hai-yang, SUN Miao. Regulatory Mechanism of Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(6): 692-697.
[7]	GAO Yi-wei, LUO Wei, WU Qiong, MU Yu-lan. The Relationship Between Ferroptosis and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(5): 497-502.
[8]	SHOU Meng-na, HUANG Yi-zhou, ZHOU Jian-hong. The Relationship between Melatonin and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(2): 133-136.
[9]	LI Jie-peng, CHENG Yao, LIU Ze-jun, YE Ming-zhu, SUN Guo-qiang. The Relationship between Serum Vitamin Level during Pregnancy and Preeclampsia [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(1): 5-9.
[10]	XU Ze-mei-hong, YANG Ru-yu, WU Qiong, LYU Yi, LIANG Yan-chun. The Potential Application of Spatial Transcriptome Technology in the Research of Immune Microenvironment of Endometriosi [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(1): 82-86.
[11]	ZHU Jing, XIA Zhi-jun. Human Vaginal Fibroblast Dysfunction in Pelvic Organ Prolapse [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(6): 613-617.
[12]	LIN Kai-li, GUO Jie, ZHANG Wei, SONG Dian-rong, ZHANG Ji-wen, HUAI Qi-juan, ZHAO Lin. Effect of Uterine Microenvironment on Early Pregnancy in Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(5): 502-506.
[13]	LIU Bing-bing, XU Yan-ning, CHEN Ling. The Relationship between Inflammatory Cytokines and Embryo Arrest [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(4): 409-415.
[14]	WEI Yun-fang, WANG Xi-peng. Ferroptosis-Related Mechanisms in Endometrial Cancer [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(1): 11-15.
[15]	HE Tian-yu, WANG Fang. Genetic Polymorphisms and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion [J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(1): 82-87.