Abstract: Vaginal intraepithelial neopalsia (VAIN) is included vaginal squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of a group of disease, is a rare precancerous lesions, the main risk factor is the persistent high-risk HPV virus infections, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, the incidence of it is low. There is no obvious clinical symptom of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The vaginal mucosa is basically normal and the diagnosis is mainly based on the accessory examination. Consistent with the three step diagnostic procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, it is usually found incidentally in colposcopy at the second stage of cervical cancer screening, often associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. In recent years, with the popularization and improvement of colposcopy, the detection rate of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia has increased significantly. The treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia mainly depends on the grade of the lesion. The VAINⅠ grade can be reduced by itself, without treatment and followed up closely. But the patients with high-risk HPV infection should pay attention to follow-up. VAINⅡ-Ⅲ grade is recognized as precancerous lesions, once diagnosed, the need for active treatment. The clinical treatment methods include surgical treatment, drug therapy, physical therapy and radiotherapy. But so far, there is no unified standard of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. It is very important to choose a treatment plan according to the patient′s own condition.

Key words: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, Vaginal neoplasms, Precancerous conditions, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Therapy