The Role of Placenta Exosomes in Pregnancy Complications Associated with Dysfunctional Remodeling of Uterine Spiral Arteries

Abstract

Abstract: Uterine spiral artery remodeling is accomplished by the interaction between the maternal vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, immune cells and placenta trophoblast cells. Cell-to-cell communication plays an important role in the process. Our understanding of how cells communicate has undergone a paradigm shift since the finding of the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling. Exosomes are automatically secreted homogenous membrane vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm which have been found to be released by various cell types and isolated from biological fluids. Exosomes carry a variety of mRNA, microRNA and proteins which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Studies have shown that exosomes can be released by placenta trophblast. Placenta exosomes can be identified and isolated in maternal blood which carry informations of trophblast acting on the target cells. The biological functions of placenta exosomes include regulating immune tolerance, remodeling of uterine spiral arteries, promoting angiogenesis and formating the placental barrier，ect. This article summarized the characteristics and functions of placenta exosomes and the changes in pregnancy complications associated with dysfunctional remodeling of uterine spiral arteries, to explore the clinical value of placenta exosomes as a serum marker in diagnosis of pregnancy complications.

Key words: Placenta, Pre-eclampsia, Fetal growth retardation, Exosomes, Trophblast, Uterine spiral artery, Remodel

XU Xin-ran，WANG Yan-ping，CUI Hong-yan. The Role of Placenta Exosomes in Pregnancy Complications Associated with Dysfunctional Remodeling of Uterine Spiral Arteries[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019, 46(3): 288-292.

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