Abstract: HPV infection is the only clear pathogenic factor that can lead to cervical cancer, but HPV infection is not equal to cervical cancer or cervical precancerous lesions, which suggests a possibility of developing cervical lesions. Therefore, effective screening and prevention are effective measures to reduce the incidence of HPV infection and cervical lesions. The cervical vagina is in the vaginal microenvironment. The normal vaginal microenvironment is composed of vaginal anatomy, microbial flora, local immunity and endocrine regulation of the body. They interact with each other and are always in a state of dynamic balance. When the vaginal flora, pH value, local immunity, and estrogen and progesterone levels change, the body′s susceptibility to HPV increases, and the clearance is reduced. In view of the close relationship between vaginal microenvironment and HPV infection, this article reviews the literature on the relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microenvironment.

Key words: Vagina, Papillomaviridae, Microbiota, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia