Abstract: Pain is the main symptom of endometriosis and adenomyosis. The pathogenesis is complex, and the changes in the number, distribution and function of the nervous system are the pathological basis of pain. Due to the pathological contraction of uterine spiral artery before the stripping of endometrium and the relative lag of angiogenesis in the process of lesion formation, the ectopic endometrial lesion is in a state of hypoxia due to the relative deficiency of oxygen supply to different degrees. Recent studies suggest that the lack of oxygen may be induced by neurotrophic proteins, prostaglandin E2, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and acid pain caused by factors such as increased, by changing the expression and function of nerve fibers on ion channels to promote peripheral nerve sensitization, resulting in abnormal distribution of nerve fibers and other mechanisms play an important role in different disease pain in uterus. Previous studies have suggested that hypoxic targeted therapy may play a role in the treatment of endogeneic pain. These new findings provide a reference for the future exploration of the pathogenesis of endometriosis pain and the design of new strategies for the treatment of endometriosis pain.

Key words: Endometriosis；, Adenomyosis；, Pain；, Dysmenorrhea；, Hypoxia；, Therapy