Abstract:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common lower reproductive tract infection among women of childbearing age, leading to an increasing risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, poor pregnancy outcomes, and multiple sexually transmitted infections. At present, the main clinical drugs used for BV treatment are antibiotics such as metronidazole and clindamycin, but it is difficult to solve the problems of treatment failure and high recurrence rate in some patients. The reason might be that the antibiotics have a single mechanism of bacterial inhibition, and the intensity is insufficient, which cannot rebuild the vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus, nor can they inhibit the production of pathogenic biofilms dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new alternative drugs or combination therapies for BV treatment. This article reviews the recent research advances in new treatment for BV based on its microbiological foundation, especially lactobacillus preparations and biofilm inhibitors. Most of these therapies have good safety and high effectiveness, with great research value. Some of the applications have been available in clinic practice in these years.

Key words: Vaginosis, bacterial, Biofilms, Therapy, Lower reproductive tract infection, Vaginal flora