Abstract:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disease, mainly characterized by newly-onset hypertension accompanied by proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction after 20 weeks of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is complex, involving multiple factors such as vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress imbalance. In recent years, the elevation of serum uric acid level, as a biomarker of oxidative stress, has gradually attracted attention for its correlation with the severity of PE and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies have shown that serum uric acid level in patients with PE is significantly increased. The mechanism may be related to placental ischemia-hypoxia, changes in renal hemodynamics, and upregulation of the expression of uric acid transporters in renal tubules. Uric acid participates in the pathological progression of PE through pathways such as triggering oxidative stress, inhibiting the function of vascular endothelial cells, and activating the inflammatory response, and has a synergistic effect with other PE biomarkers. Although the serum uric acid level is closely related to the severity of PE and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and an elevated serum uric acid level in the early stage of pregnancy can predict the risk of PE, the specificity of uric acid as an independent diagnostic marker is limited, and its elevation may also have a synergistic effect with other inflammatory markers. Future research should focus on further optimizing the detection method of uric acid as a biomarker, reaching a consensus on the critical value, and developing a combined prediction model, clarifying the specific role of uric acid in the pathological mechanism of PE, so as to provide a more powerful theoretical basis for early intervention.

Key words: Pre-eclampsia, Uric acid, Oxidative stress, Biomarkers, Endothelial dysfunction, Predictive model