Abstract: Preterm labor endanger perinatal health and pregnancy complications. Infection has been recognized to be closely related to the occurrence of preterm labor. Toll-like receptors （TLRs） form the major family of pattern recognition receptors（PRR） that are involved in innate immunity and regulating adaptive immunization. TLRs is found to be expressed on maternal-fetal interface widely. TLRs take part in immunological reaction on maternal-fetal interface，protecting the fetus from infection of pathogenic microorganism and mediating the immune tolerance between maternal and fetal. There are increasing investigates adout the relationship of disorderd action of TLRs and preterm labor. The expression of TLRs in placenta，amniotic and decidua and its possible mechanism of action in preterm labor are reviewed in this paper.

Key words: Toll-like receptors, Premature birth, Inflammation, Placenta