Abstract: Hypertensive disorders is a specific disease that occurs in pregnancy，which is still one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal death up till now. Pre-eclampsia is the most common and major type of this disease. Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood. At present，foreign scholars have revealed the process of extravillous trophoblast invasion and spiral arterial remodeling in vivo at the molecular and cellular level，mainly including the extravillous trophoblast invasion and the cell apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. A number of factors that impair this progress have been put forward. An in-depth study in their correlation with the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia proposes many hypotheses and inferences， and make perfect the hypotheses of ischemia and hypoxia of placenta. This article reviews the development of this process and the correlation with pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia in recent years.

Key words: Chorionic villi, Trophoblasts, Pre-eclampsia, Placenta, Ischemia, Anoxia