Abstract: Endometriosis （EMs） is a common gynecologic disease，the prevalence is 10%-15%，and still rising. But the pathogenesis remain unclear. In the multitudinous hypothesis，the immune theory has drawn more and more attention，and become a hot research. Recently，many studies demonstrate that EMs is an immune inflammatory disease. In abdominal cavity，the change of immune cells （macrophages，NK cells，T cells，DC，mast cells） quantity and function can enhance the ability of endometrial cell invasion，adhesion，proliferation，angiogenesis，promote the ectopic lesions growth and maintenance，and made the endometrial cells that reverse into abdominal cavity to escape from immune surveillance.

Key words: Endometriosis, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Cytokines