女性肛提肌损伤产前与产时相关影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20201111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肛提肌损伤（levator ani muscle injury,LAMI）是女性分娩后最常见的肌肉损伤,已被认为是盆腔器官脱垂的危险因素和独立预测因子,并在多种盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用。近年来,对女性产前和产时LAMI相关影响因素的了解虽尚不完全明确,但仍有一些进展。其中,以产钳助产为代表的经阴道分娩方式以及第二产程延长,被广泛认为是产时LAMI的危险因素;胎龄和多次分娩被认为是产前LAMI的无关因素;而剖宫产、硬膜外麻醉无痛分娩则在产时对肛提肌有一定的保护作用;其他因素与LAMI的关系暂不明确。关注女性产前与产时LAMI影响因素的研究现状,对于合理预估盆底疾病发生风险、及时有效实施产科干预具有重要的意义。

关键词: 肛提肌, 创伤和损伤, 影响因素分析, 孕妇, 分娩, 盆底功能障碍

Abstract:

Levator ani muscle injury (LAMI), which is the most common muscle injury after vaginal delivery, has been considered as a risk factor and independent predictor of pelvic organ prolapse, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of pelvic floor functional disorders. In recent years, although the understanding of the factors related to the prenatal and perinatal aspects of female LAMI is not completely clear, there is still some progress. Among them, vaginal delivery represented by forceps delivery and prolonged second stage of labor are widely considered to be the risk factors for LAMI. Cesarean section and epidural anesthesia had certain protective effects on LAMI. Gestational age and multiple deliveries were irrelevant of LAMI, but the understanding of the relationship between other factors and LAMI remains to be unified. It is of great significance to pay attention to the research status of influencing factors of LAMI in women before and during childbirth for reasonably estimating the risk of pelvic floor diseases and timely and effective obstetric intervention.

Key words: Levator ani muscle, Wounds and injuries, Root cause analysis, Pregnant women, Parturition, Pelvic floor dysfunction

刘银霞, 张彬, 王玉贤. 女性肛提肌损伤产前与产时相关影响因素的研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2021, 48(5): 503-507.

LIU Yin-xia, ZHANG Bin, WANG Yu-xian. Research Status of Prenatal and Perinatal Influence Factors of Female Levator Ani Muscle Injury[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 48(5): 503-507.

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