地中海饮食改善绝经后妇女不良健康结局的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20250529

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绝经后妇女因雌激素水平下降，面临心血管疾病、骨质疏松性骨折和肥胖等健康风险显著增加。地中海饮食作为一种健康膳食模式，可通过多重机制改善这些不良结局：其富含的多酚与单不饱和脂肪酸等成分能改善脂质代谢、减轻氧化应激及慢性炎症以保护心血管；高膳食纤维与特定生物活性成分有助增强饱腹感、促进脂肪代谢及改善胰岛素敏感性以管理体质量；通过调节“肠-骨轴”，提供充足钙、维生素D、维生素K及多酚的抗炎抗氧化作用来保护骨健康。然而，该模式在非地中海地区的推广面临文化适应性挑战，核心在于特级初榨橄榄油的使用习惯差异，需探索以营养特性相近的本地油脂为基础的本土化替代方案，并结合行为干预制定个体化策略，方能为我国绝经后妇女的健康管理提供有效、可行的营养干预路径。

关键词: 膳食, 地中海, 绝经后期, 心血管疾病, 肥胖症, 骨折, 骨质疏松

Abstract:

Postmenopausal women face a significant increase in health risks such as cardiovascular diseases,osteoporotic fractures, and obesity due to decline in estrogen level. As a healthy dietary pattern, the Mediterranean diet can improve these adverse outcomes through multiple mechanisms. The polyphenols and monounsaturated fatty acids rich in it can improve lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation to protect the cardiovascular system. The high dietary fiber and specific bioactive components help enhance satiety, promote fat metabolism, and improve insulin sensitivity for weight management. It can also protect bone health by regulating the "gut-bone axis", providing sufficient calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, and through the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of polyphenols. However, the promotion of this dietary pattern in non-Mediterranean regions faces challenges in cultural adaptation, mainly due to the differences in the usage habits of extra virgin olive oil. It is necessary to explore local alternative solutions based on local oils with similar nutritional characteristics and develop individualized strategies combined with behavioral interventions to provide effective and feasible nutritional intervention approaches for the health management of postmenopausal women in China.

Key words: Diet, mediterranean, Postmenopause, Cardiovascular diseases, Obesity, Fractures, bone, Osteoporosis

金格玲, 范孟琳, 徐少勇. 地中海饮食改善绝经后妇女不良健康结局的研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(5): 551-557.

JIN Ge-ling, FAN Meng-lin, XU Shao-yong. Research Progress on the Improvement of Adverse Health Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women by Mediterranean Diet[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(5): 551-557.

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