盆腔器官脱垂潜在标志物及靶点研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20260123

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盆腔器官脱垂（pelvic organ prolapse，POP）是指由于盆底肌肉和筋膜组织薄弱，导致子宫、阴道等盆腔器官从正常位置下降，引发相应器官解剖位置及功能异常的疾病，严重影响患者生活质量。其发病机制复杂，主要与盆底组织细胞外基质微环境紊乱相关。盆底组织中胶原蛋白等结构蛋白的含量或组成比例异常，活性氧蓄积所导致的组织氧化应激损伤、白细胞介素等炎症因子的异常释放、线粒体相关蛋白的表达异常、细胞衰老与凋亡作用的失衡，被认为是POP发生发展的重要原因。聚焦上述病理生理过程、疾病相关微小RNA和影像学指标，综述POP潜在标志物及治疗靶点，以期为深入探讨POP发病机制提供理论依据，为疾病筛查诊疗及复发风险预测提供新视角。

关键词: 盆腔器官脱垂, 细胞外基质, 氧化性应激, 活性氧, 细胞衰老, 微RNAs

Abstract:

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition in which the pelvic floor muscles and fascial tissues are weakened, leading to the descent of pelvic organs such as the uterus and vagina from their normal anatomical positions, resulting in anatomical displacement and functional abnormalities of the corresponding organs. It severely impacts patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis is complex and is primarily associated with disturbances in the extracellular matrix microenvironment of pelvic floor tissues. Abnormalities in the content or compositional ratios of structural proteins such as collagen in pelvic floor tissues, oxidative stress damage caused by reactive oxygen species accumulation, abnormal release of inflammatory factors such as interleukins, dysregulated expression of mitochondria-related proteins, and an imbalance between cellular senescence and apoptosis are considered important contributors to the development and progression of POP. Focusing on the aforementioned pathophysiological processes, disease-related microRNAs, and imaging indicators, this review summarizes potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for POP. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth exploration of POP pathogenesis and offer new perspectives for disease screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of recurrence risk.

Key words: Pelvic organ prolapse, Extracellular matrix, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Cellular senescence, MicroRNAs

杭于洁, 欧思易, 高珊. 盆腔器官脱垂潜在标志物及靶点研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2026, 53(4): 418-423.

HANG Yu-jie, OU Si-yi, GAO Shan. Research Progress on Potential Biomarkers and Targets for Pelvic Organ Prolapse[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026, 53(4): 418-423.

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