超声测量宫颈参数联合生物学指标预测自发性早产的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20260244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自发性早产（spontaneous preterm birth，sPTB）不仅是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一，更对其呼吸、神经等系统发育产生深远的负面影响，因此，建立及时有效的预测策略至关重要。近年随着早产预测研究的推进，单一指标的局限性日益凸显，基于超声的宫颈评估与生物标志物检测的联合应用受到临床广泛重视。超声检查可通过测量宫颈长度和宫颈前角、观察宫颈内口形态及利用弹性成像评估宫颈硬度等方法，动态揭示宫颈结构与功能的变化，为识别高危人群提供直观依据。这些结构指标异常往往早于临床症状出现。同时，生物学指标能够反映机体深层的病理生理改变，如炎症反应、胎盘功能异常等，这些因素在早产发动中常起关键作用。然而，单一模态预测通常具有局限性，整合多模态数据构建联合预测模型，可实现“结构-功能”双维度的系统评估。推动早产预测向更早期、更精细化的方向发展。综述超声宫颈评估联合生物学指标在sPTB预测中的研究进展，以期为临床早产风险筛查与管理提供参考。

关键词: 早产, 预测, 超声检查, 子宫颈, 弹性成像技术, 细胞因子类, 自发性早产

Abstract:

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is not only one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality but also has profound negative effects on the development of respiratory, neurological, and other systems. Therefore, establishing timely and effective prediction strategies is crucial. In recent years, with advances in preterm birth prediction research, the limitations of single indicators have become increasingly apparent. The combined application of ultrasound-based cervical assessment and biomarker detection has gained widespread clinical attention. Ultrasonography examination can dynamically reveal changes in cervical structure and function by measuring cervical length and cervical angle, observing the morphology of the internal cervical os, and utilizing elastography to assess cervical stiffness, providing intuitive evidence for identifying high-risk populations. Abnormalities in these structural indicators often precede the onset of clinical symptoms. Meanwhile, biomarkers can reflect underlying pathophysiological changes in the body, such as inflammatory responses and placental dysfunction, which often play key roles in the initiation of preterm birth. However, single modality prediction is often limited. Integrating multimodal data to construct a joint prediction model enables a systematic "structure-function" dual-dimensional assessment, promoting the development of preterm birth prediction toward earlier and more refined approaches. This review summarizes the research progress in combining ultrasound cervical assessment with biomarkers for predicting sPTB, aiming to provide references for clinical preterm birth risk screening and management.

Key words: Premature birth, Forecasting, Ultrasonography, Cervix uteri, Elasticity imaging techniques, Cytokines, Spontaneous preterm birth

朱煦然, 陈飞. 超声测量宫颈参数联合生物学指标预测自发性早产的研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2026, 53(4): 452-458.

ZHU Xu-ran, CHEN Fei. Research Progress on Predicting Spontaneous Preterm Birth Using Ultrasound-Measured Cervical Parameters Combined with Biomarkers[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026, 53(4): 452-458.

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