女性妊娠期生殖道微生物群变化及其对妊娠结局的影响

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20251180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生殖道微生物群紊乱可导致生殖道感染，包括下生殖道感染（如阴道炎、子宫颈炎）以及上生殖道感染（如子宫内膜炎、盆腔炎）等多种疾病，不仅引起不孕、下腹痛等，严重影响女性健康，且在妊娠期可导致早产、流产、胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎、死胎等不良妊娠结局。综述健康妊娠女性生殖道不同部位微生物群定植情况、引起生殖道菌群紊乱的微生物群变化情况及变化的微生物群对妊娠结局的影响，为更好地筛查及防治常见不良妊娠结局提供理论基础，也为保护母婴健康提供新思路。

关键词: 生殖道感染, 微生物群, 妊娠结局, 早产, 胎膜早破, 糖尿病，妊娠, 高血压，妊娠性, 流产，习惯性

Abstract:

Dysbiosis of the reproductive tract microbiota can lead to reproductive tract infections, including lower genital tract infections (such as vaginitis and cervicitis) and upper genital tract infections (such as endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease), among various conditions. These infections not only cause infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and seriously affect women′s health, but during pregnancy, they can also result in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis and stillbirth. This review focuses on the colonization of microbiota in different regions of the reproductive tract in healthy pregnant women, the changes in microbiota composition that cause disorders, and the impact of these changes on pregnancy outcomes. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for better screening, prevention, and treatment of common adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as to offer novel insights on maternal and infant health protection.

Key words: Reproductive tract infections, Microbiota, Pregnancy outcome, Premature birth, Fetal membranes, premature rupture, Diabetes, gestational, Hypertension, pregnancy-induced, Abortion, habitual

马晓彤, 薛凤霞. 女性妊娠期生殖道微生物群变化及其对妊娠结局的影响[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(6): 654-659.

MA Xiao-tong, XUE Feng-xia. The Changes in the Reproductive Tract Microbiota during Female Pregnancy and Their Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(6): 654-659.

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