Expression of Galectins in Pregnancy

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20200706

Abstract

Abstract:

Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins, consisting of 15 different types, each with a specific function. Of the 13 galectins found in humans, 7 are expressed in the placenta and regulate immunity and development. Galectins contribute to placentation by regulating trophoblast development, migration, and invasion during early pregnancy. In addition, galectins are critical players regulating maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. Recently, the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated process has gained attention. Altered expression of galectins is associated with abnormal pregnancies and infertility. This review focuses on the role of galectins in pregnancy-associated processes and discusses its relevance as potential therapeutic targets in pregnancy disorders.

Key words: Galectins, Pregnancy, Placenta, Immune tolerance, Pre-eclampsia

ZHAO Tong-tong, SUN Li-qiang, SHAO Dan-hui, MU Wen-yu, HAN Qiu-yu. Expression of Galectins in Pregnancy[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 48(3): 251-254.

References 27

[1]	Balogh A, Toth E, Romero R, et al. Placental Galectins Are Key Players in Regulating the Maternal Adaptive Immune Response[J]. Front Immunol, 2019,10:1240. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01240. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01240
[2]	Conrad ML, Freitag N, Diessler ME, et al. Differential Spatiotemporal Patterns of Galectin Expression are a Hallmark of Endotheliochorial Placentation[J]. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2016,75(3):317-325. doi: 10.1111/aji.12452. doi: 10.1111/aji.12452
[3]	Giovannone N, Smith LK, Treanor B, et al. Galectin-Glycan Interactions as Regulators of B Cell Immunity[J]. Front Immunol, 2018,9:2839. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02839. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02839 pmid: 30564237
[4]	Johannes L, Jacob R, Leffler H. Galectins at a glance[J]. J Cell Sci, 2018, 131(9):jcs208884. doi: 10.1242/jcs.208884. doi: 10.1242/jcs.208884
[5]	Freitag N, Tirado-González I, Barrientos G, et al. Interfering with Gal-1-mediated angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013,110(28):11451-11456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303707110. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303707110
[6]	Wilsher S, Newcombe JR, Allen W. The immunolocalization of Galectin-1 and Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor (PIBF) in equine trophoblast: Possible roles in trophoblast invasion and the immunological protection of pregnancy[J]. Placenta, 2019,85:32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.08.081. doi: S0143-4004(19)30602-2 pmid: 31445347
[7]	Sundblad V, Morosi LG, Geffner JR, et al. Galectin-1: A Jack-of-All-Trades in the Resolution of Acute and Chronic Inflammation[J]. J Immunol, 2017,199(11):3721-3730. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701172. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701172
[8]	Tang M, You J, Wang W, et al. Impact of Galectin-1 on Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation and Invasion in In Vitro Implantation Model[J]. Reprod Sci, 2018,25(5):700-711. doi: 10.1177/1933719117725816. doi: 10.1177/1933719117725816
[9]	Barrientos G, Freitag N, Tirado-González I, et al. Involvement of galectin-1 in reproduction: past, present and future[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2014,20(2):175-193. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt040. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt040
[10]	Blois SM, Gueuvoghlanian-Silva BY, Tirado-González I, et al. Getting too sweet: galectin-1 dysregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Mol Hum Reprod, 2014,20(7):644-649. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gau021. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gau021
[11]	Than NG, Kim SS, Abbas A, et al. Chorioamnionitis and increased galectin-1 expression in PPROM --an anti-inflammatory response in the fetal membranes?[J]. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2008,60(4):298-311. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00624.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00624.x
[12]	Romero A, Gabius HJ. Galectin-3: is this member of a large family of multifunctional lectins (already) a therapeutic target?[J]. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 2019,23(10):819-828. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2019. 1675638. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2019. 1675638
[13]	Xiao Q, Zeng FL, Tang GY, et al. Expression of galectin-3 and apoptosis in placental villi from patients with missed abortion during early pregnancy[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2019,17(4):2623-2631. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7227. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7227
[14]	Stefanoska I, Tadić J, Vilotić A, et al. Histological chorioamnionitis in preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes is associated with increased expression of galectin-3 by amniotic epithelium[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2017,30(18):2232-2236. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1243100. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1243100
[15]	Henderson NC, Sethi T. The regulation of inflammation by galectin-3[J]. Immunol Rev, 2009,230(1):160-171. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00794.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00794.x
[16]	Martínez-Martínez E, Brugnolaro C, Ibarrola J, et al. CT-1 (Cardiotrophin-1)-Gal-3 (Galectin-3) Axis in Cardiac Fibrosis and Inflammation[J]. Hypertension, 2019,73(3):602-611. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11874. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11874 pmid: 30612490
[17]	Freitag N, Tirado-Gonzalez I, Barrientos G, et al. Galectin-3 deficiency in pregnancy increases the risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR) via placental insufficiency[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2020,11(7):560. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02791-5. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02791-5 pmid: 32703931
[18]	Kolundžić N, Bojić-Trbojević Z, Lj R, et al. Galectin-8 is expressed by villous and extravillous trophoblast of the human placenta[J]. Placenta, 2011,32(11):909-911. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.07. 087. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.07.087 pmid: 21862124
[19]	Troncoso MF, Ferragut F, Bacigalupo ML, et al. Galectin-8: a matricellular lectin with key roles in angiogenesis[J]. Glycobiology, 2014,24(10):907-914. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwu054. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwu054 pmid: 24939370
[20]	Ely ZA, Moon JM, Sliwoski GR, et al. The Impact of Natural Selection on the Evolution and Function of Placentally Expressed Galectins[J]. Genome Biol Evol, 2019,11(9):2574-2592. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evz183. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evz183
[21]	Grossman TB, Minis E, Loeb-Zeitlin SE, et al. Soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (sTim-3) in maternal sera: a potential contributor to immune regulation during pregnancy[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020 Feb 4: 1-4. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019. 1706471.Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019. 1706471
[22]	Li ZH, Wang LL, Liu H, et al. Galectin-9 Alleviates LPS-Induced Preeclampsia-Like Impairment in Rats via Switching Decidual Macrophage Polarization to M2 Subtype[J]. Front Immunol, 2018,9:3142. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03142. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03142
[23]	Burger O, Pick E, Zwickel J, et al. Placental protein 13 (PP-13): effects on cultured trophoblasts, and its detection in human body fluids in normal and pathological pregnancies[J]. Placenta, 2004,25(7):608-622. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.009. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.009 pmid: 15193867
[24]	Kinder JM, Stelzer IA, Arck PC, et al. Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2017,17(8):483-494. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.38. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.38
[25]	Asiltas B, Surmen-Gur E, Uncu G. Prediction of first-trimester preeclampsia: Relevance of the oxidative stress marker MDA in a combination model with PP-13, PAPP-A and beta-HCG[J]. Pathophysiology, 2018,25(2):131-135. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.02.006. doi: S0928-4680(18)30006-3 pmid: 29510888
[26]	Luo Q, Han X. Second-trimester maternal serum markers in the prediction of preeclampsia[J]. J Perinat Med, 2017,45(7):809-816. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0249. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0249
[27]	Unverdorben L, Hüttenbrenner R, Knabl J, et al. Galectin-13/PP-13 expression in term placentas of gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies[J]. Placenta, 2015,36(2):191-198. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.11.019. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.11.019 pmid: 25499680