Abstract:

Hysteroscopy is a gynecological endoscopic surgery that highly relies on the operator's fine tactile perception and force control capabilities. However, traditional hysteroscopic virtual reality (VR) simulators commonly lack crucial haptic feedback, which constrains the improvement of training effectiveness. In response to this common challenge, it is particularly important to analyze the core value of haptic feedback in hysteroscopic simulation training from three dimensions: spatial navigation, tissue property discrimination, and force control of energy-based instruments. At the technical pathway level, by referencing the mature haptic feedback technologies from the fields of laparoscopy and stomatology, this study systematically reviews the limitations of multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) force feedback robotic arms and customized integrated systems in the hysteroscopic context. Consequently, it proposes that developing specialized micro-force feedback systems compatible with mainstream VR platforms is a superior technical pathway. Cross-domain evidence-based research indicates that the introduction of haptic feedback can significantly enhance operational proficiency, decision-making accuracy, and teaching quality in hysteroscopic surgery training. In the future, a visuo-haptic fusion simulation training system should be constructed based on high-fidelity biomechanical modeling and with real-time haptic rendering as the interactive core, through multidisciplinary collaboration，which is expected to fundamentally reshape the training model for minimally invasive surgery professionals in obstetrics and gynecology.

Key words: Hysteroscopy, Virtual reality, High-fidelity simulation training, Simulation training, Haptic feedback