Abstract: Stress urinary incontinence is a common disease in older women，with negative impact on women’s quality of life. In abroad，a large study confirmed that the vaginal vault prolapse and stress urinary incontinence has a very close relationship. Delivery damage，postmenopausal lower estrogen level，the weak uterosacral-cardinal ligament complex，the damage of pelvic floor after gynecological surgery，the diseases which cause abdominal pressure increase such as long-term cough and constipation，are the pathogenesis of vaginal vault prolapse. The weak and damage of vaginal support structure lead to the vaginal vault prolapse，the patients which have vaginal vault prolapse，11% have the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Recently，the incidence of vaginal vault prolapse is increasing year by year，positive prevention and treatment vaginal vault prolapse direct at the pathogeny，can make the vast middle-aged and old women release from incontinence problems，improve the quality of life. The new research and treatment about the relationship between vaginal vault prolapse and stress urinary incontinence are reviewed in this paper.

Key words: Urinary incontinence, stress, Vagina, Uterine prolapse, Gynecologic surgical procedures