Abstract: MicroRNAs are a group of non-coding small RNAs，participanting in the processes of cell development，differentiation， proliferation，apoptosis and pathogenesis by inhibiting the translationes of target genes mRNA. Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） is one of the most common endocrinologic disorders and has close relationship with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance（IR）. So far，the pathology of PCOS and the relationship between PCOS and hyperinsulinemia/IR are still unclear. MicroRNAs which play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation could lead a new way for these researches. Therefore，the recent advances in studies on microRNAs with PCOS or insulin secretion were reviewed in this article.

Key words: MicroRNAs, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin resistance