Abstract: The morbidity of ovarian serous cancer has been risen up in recent years. It develops rapidly to the terminal stages. Recent studies reveal that pelvic serous carcinoma or precancerosis may come from the fallopian tubal fimbria and the fallopian tube-peritoneal junction（TPJ） is possible related to the ovarian surface carcinoma. Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy（PBS） in standard hysterectomy in premenopausal women with benign condition may be a strategy for preventing pelvic serous cancer and ovarian surface carcinoma． Besides，fallopian tube mesenchymal stem cells（FTMSC） have been found in fallopian tube，which can be a new source of multipotential stem cell.It is superior to other tissues in the reconstruction of genital system. To evaluate this procedure，we reviewed the theory of pelvic serous carcinoma associated with the fallopian tube, the effectiveness of PBS in reducing the risk of malignant or benign pelvic lesions, surgical or perioperative complications, the application of PBS in other fields as well as the effects of PBS on ovarian function．

Key words: Fallopian tubes, Pelvic neoplasms, Mesenchymal stem cells, Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy