Abstract: Pregnancy is a typical and complex physiological process. In order to ensure the healthy development of mother and fetus, the changes of hormone level, immune regulation and metabolism level of pregnant women will be related. The human microbiome is closely related to these physiological processes. The research methods and strategies of microbial group are constantly updated. The characteristics and influencing factors of pregnant women′s body (intestinal, vaginal, oral cavity, etc.), fetus and its appendages and neonatal microbiome are revealed continuously. The microbial dysbiosis and specific microbial populations with unhealthy pregnancy complications has been studied. Some studies expect the control and treatment of some diseases by studying changes in the human microbial population. The research at this stage has changed people′s understanding of the role of initial microbiomes in life and provided clues for exploring the relationship between microbial flora and health throughout the developmental period.

Key words: Microbiome, Pregnant women, Genomics, Fetus, Microbial dysbiosis