Abstract: Endometriosis is a gynecologic benign disease with biological behavior of malignant tumor， characterized by the feature of pain，infertility and pelvic mass. The incidence of the disease rises up recently which affected the life quality seriously，but the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. A number of basic and clinical research discovered that the expression and regulation of leptin and OB-R played an important role in the occurrence and progress of endometriosis including vascular neogenesis，cell proliferation and apoptosis，immunological regulation，inflammation reaction and metabolism. It can provide the new breakthrough point of endometriosis pathogenic study，clinical treatment and new drug exploitation by researching on the leptin，OB-R，regularity of the expression and change of its upstream and downstream gene.

Key words: Leptin, Receptors, leptin, Endometriosis, Progestins, Estrogens