Abstract: Endometrial polyps（EP） is one of the most common endometrial diseases. Patients having it may be totally asymptomatic. While some combined abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility，and even malignant conditions，severely reducing the quality of women's life. Therefore, pinpointing the etiology and pathogenesis is the basis for prevention and treatment of diease. At present most scholars believe that the possible causes include abnormal distribution of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor，partly endometrial proliferation and apoptosis disequilibrium，but the findings are not the same. In addition，abnormal expression of enzyme，cytokine and genetic factors，and so on, may also be involved in the development of its occurrence. All related factors need to be explored seriously under strict quality management and data control. This article reviews the advances in molecular biology research on endometrial polyps.

Key words: Endometrium, Polyps, Endometrial hyperplasia, Apoptosis, Cytokines