Abstract: The polypoid endometriosis (PEM) is a rare subtype of endometriosis (EMs), and it can appear anywhere of the body. The age of PEM incidence is wide, ranging from 23 to 78 years of age, different areas reported a different age. PEM is the excessive growth of local ectopic endometrium. The exact mechanisms of PEM remain controversial and still need more researches. PEM′s clinical manifestations are associated with the growth sites, showing diversity. The main clinical manifestations are the mass or the symptoms and signs caused by tumor of the lesions，such as pelvic mass, inguinal mass, vaginal bleeding, hydronephrosis, waist pain, bladder mass and so on. Some manifestations are similar to malignant tumors′ behavior. Generally characterized by a cyst inside, or pedunculated polyp-like masses. Endoscopic characteristics have ordinary EMs pathology, the lesions are composed of endometrial glandular and stromal components, but more than the ordinary EMs diversity. The expressions of immunohistochemistry of ER, PR, CD10 and Vimentin are positive in the PEM tissues. The diagnosis of PEM is mainly based on pathology, and abnormal increase of the serum CA125 and MRI may be helpful for the diagnosis. The treatment is mainly surgical resection, and the bilateral variectomy is equally effective in case of vaginal and pelvic multiple sites without complete resection. The prognosis of the disease is good.

Key words: Endometriosis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Prognosis, Polypoid endometriosis