Abstract: Lactobacilli are the most abundant bacteria in the vagina of healthy women, which play an important role in maintaining the micro ecological balance of vagina. Lactobacilli can firmly adhere to the epithelium of vaginal mucosa, play a role of space occupying protection, and secrete lactic acid, maintain the acidic environment of vagina, produce bacteriostatic substances such as H2O2, bacteriocin, biosurfactant, etc., cause beneficial immune response, so as to resist the infection of pathogenic microorganisms, which is an important microbial barrier of female lower genital tract. Human papillomavirus（HPV） infection is the direct cause of cervical cancer. As an adjacent organ of the cervix, the micro ecological environment of the vagina plays an important role. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have found that the decrease of lactobacilli has a close relationship with the infection of HPV and the occurrence of cervical cancer. Lactobacillus can resist HPV infection and inhibit oncogenesis by producing various metabolites and activating immune function. This article will review the correlation and mechanism between lactobacilli and HPV infection and cervical lesions.

Key words: Lactobacillus;, Vaginal microecology, Papillomaviridae;, Uterine cervical neoplasms;, Uterine cervical diseases