Table of Content

15 June 2020, Volume 47 Issue 3
Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Reproductive Outcomes Following Cesarean Scar Pregnancy ZHANG Xin-yue, WANG Dan-dan, YANG Qing 2020, 47 (3):  245-248.  Abstract ( 1003 )   PDF (588KB) ( 7516 )   The natural pregnancy probability of patients with fertility intention after cesarean scar pregnancy（CSP） is about 73% to 87.5%; the secondary infertility probability is about 12.5% to 14.3%. The reasons for secondary infertility may be  intrauterine adhesions, uterine arterial embolization, scar diverticula of cesarean section, chronic pelvic inflammation after cesarean section, iatrogenic adenomyosis and posterior uterus.The reproductive pregnancy outcomes following treatment of CSP included spontaneous abortion, recurrent cesarean scar pregnancy (RCSP) and normal intrauterine pregnancy. Early detection and timely treatment of RCSP can avoid serious complications. Placental adhesion, placental implantation, placenta previa are serious complications that may arise in subsequent intrauterine pregnancies. Uterine rupture may occur in the third trimester, and termination of pregnancy with elective cesarean section is needed. For CSP patients who still have fertility needs, they should be given the appropriate treatment. Doctors should consider the best time for pregnancy after treatment and the possible pregnancy outcomes, informing them the subsequent pregnancy-related risks, and closely monitor them and follow-up during pregnancy; For patients without fertility needs after treatment, a safe, long-term, and reliable contraceptive method is recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Risk factors for incomplete healing of the uterine incision after cesarean section CHEN Ran-ran, SONG Dian-rong 2020, 47 (3):  249-253.  Abstract ( 1064 )   PDF (679KB) ( 6990 )   The cesarean scar defects（CSD） is the hypoechoic area of the lower segment of the uterus under ultrasound. It is the absence or rupture of the myometrium at the incision of the previous cesarean section, which affects about 30% of women. At present, the cause of CSD is not clear, but studies have found that low incision position, single suture, using chrome gut, psychological pressure, posterior position of uterus, multiple cesarean section are risk factors of CSD. Double layer suture, peritonealsuture and absorbable suture are good for incision healing. In addition, the formation of CSD is related to the long-term use of corticosteroids, history of adenomyosis, history of vaginal delivery, history of pre-eclampsia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress of the Prophylactic Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia with Use of Aspirin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin GU Yu-ling, HAN Bing 2020, 47 (3):  253-257.  Abstract ( 1147 )   PDF (603KB) ( 7127 )   Aspirin can improve placental microcirculation and prevent a series of adverse outcomes caused by placental dysfunction. Guidelines recommend generally that the use of low dose aspirin (LDA) in the first trimester can prevent pre-eclampsia, especially preterm pre-eclampsia (less than 37 weeks of delivery), but further studies are needed for its effect on small for gestational age (SGA), abortion and stillbirth. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has a safe anticoagulant effect, but has little or no effect in preventing placental mediated pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia and SGA. Long-term application of LDA and LMWH during pregnancy did not increase the risk of placental abruption, prenatal and postpartum hemorrhage. This review summarizes the recommended risk factors for pre-eclampsia and early screening models, discusses the theoretical basis for the use of LDA and LMWH as well as the research progress in the prevention of complications. Ultimately, we hope it will help the obstetricians gain a deeper understanding of the use of LDA and LMWH in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Human Papillomavirus and Pregnancy Related Problems WANG Bao-juan, GONG Zheng, HU Zu-xian, XIA Tian 2020, 47 (3):  258-261.  Abstract ( 1026 )   PDF (495KB) ( 7127 )   Human papilloma virus(HPV) is one of the most common viruses in reproductive tract infections. The recurrent infection of HPV virus, especially high-risk type HPV, can be turned into cervical epithelial endothelial tumor, and may even induce malignant tumors in the cervix, anus and mouth cavity. Men and women of childbearing age are the most common group of HPV infections, and it has been reported that HPV infection may have adverse effects on reproductive health and pregnancy. In the light of the domestic and international literature published in recent years, the issues related to HPV infection and pregnancy outcome are reviewed. This paper expounds the susceptibility of HPV infection during pregnancy, the effect of HPV infection on abnormal pregnancy, the way of HPV infection and delivery and neonatal outcome, the effect of HPV on success rate of assisted reproductive technology and pregnancy outcome, and the effect of HPV vaccine on pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Prevention and Treatment of Pregnancy Associated Venous Thromboembolism YE Sheng-long, WANG Yong-qing 2020, 47 (3):  262-266.  Abstract ( 1041 )   PDF (909KB) ( 7014 )   Pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism (PA-VTE) refers to venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium. PA-VTE can occur at different stages of pregnancy, with the highest risk in puerperium, 2-5 times more likely to occur than pregnancy states，especially in 6 weeks after delivery. PA-VTE is extremely harmful and has become one of the important causes of maternal death in developed countries. The proposal of PA-VTE is intended to emphasize that its prevention, diagnosis and treatment should be based on the pathophysiological characteristics of the special stage of pregnancy. At present, some countries have reached a consensus on the prevention and treatment of PA-VTE, but only a few VTE management guidelines in China mention the prevention and treatment of this kind of disease, and the specific prevention and treatment plan is still unclear. In clinical practice, it is urgent to develop guidelines suitable for the prevention and treatment of patients in China, so as to regulate the clinical practice in China. This article is a systematic review of the pathophysiological characteristics, clinical screening, prevention and treatment of PA-VTE and the current situation of clinical practice in China. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Effect of Epidural Analgesia on Labor Process and Maternal and Fetal Outcome MA Si-guang, WANG Jian-bo 2020, 47 (3):  267-271.  Abstract ( 1021 )   PDF (702KB) ( 6912 )   Labor analgesia has become one of the major public health undertakings in most developed countries. Intrathecal analgesia is a mature and effective technique. Our country in recent years, with the scope of labor analgesia, the related problems of intraspinal labor analgesia have also been widely debated, such as fever,  the influence of epidural analgesia on the second labor duration, the influence of the cesarean section rate and instruments midwifery, and potential adverse effect on the mother and baby. Until now, most studies suggest effective labor analgesia is associated with the pro-longation of second stage of labor, thereby increasing the relative risk of neonatal complications and equipment rate of midwifery. A number of studies support the epidural labor analgesia associated with maternal clinical fever. But labor analgesia can reduce the incidence of maternal postpartum depression. Therefore, the future development of this field will continue to have a significant impact on women and children health. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study of the Correlation between Expression of Inflammatory Mediators at Maternal-Fetal Interface and Mitophagy in Pre-Eclampsia Pregnant Women CHEN Guo-qing, CHEN Lu, ZENG Fa, LIAO Ling-ling, NIU Jian-min 2020, 47 (3):  271-275.  Abstract ( 883 )   PDF (14620KB) ( 6877 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in maternal-fetal interface of preeclampsia (PE) pregnant women and the occurrence of mitophagy, and to explore the correlation between them. Methods: From June 2018 to February 2019, 35 normal pregnant women (control group), 33 mild PE pregnant women (mild PE group) and 37 severe PE pregnant women (severe PE group) hospitalized in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University were selected. The expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in serum was detected. The morphological changes of maternal-fetal interface inflammation were analyzed. The occurrence of mitophagy in placental trophoblasts was observed. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of BNIP3, DRAM1 mRNA and their proteins, and the correlation between inflammatory mediators and mitophagy were analyzed. Results: The expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in serum of pregnant women in PE group was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women (P＜ 0.01). The expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in severe PE group was significantly higher than that of mild PE group (P＜ 0.01). HE staining showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in placenta tissue of PE group was higher than that of control group; Transmission electron microscopy showed that the positive rate of mitophagy in severe PE group was (2.61±1.07)%, in mild PE group was (7.65±3.19)%, which were significantly lower than that in control group [(14.07±3.11)%，P＜0.01]. RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of BNIP3 and DRAM1 in PE pregnant women were down-regulated (P＜0.01). The correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1α, IL-18, TNF-α and the positive rate of mitophagy. Conclusions: The mitophagy activity of trophoblasts in PE pregnant women decreased, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria may lead to the increase of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Qualitative Study on Obstetrician′s View on the Implementation of Vaginal Trial Delivery after Cesarean Section BAI Xiao-ling, LUO Zhong-chen, LI Jian-qiong, SUN Gui-yu, LOU Ting 2020, 47 (3):  276-281.  Abstract ( 975 )   PDF (917KB) ( 6979 )   Objective：To explore the opinions and suggestions of obstetricians on the implementation of vaginal trial delivery after cesarean section, so as to provide a reference for formulating strategies of vaginal trial delivery after cesarean section based on obstetricians′ perspective. Methods：Fourteen obstetricians participated in the semi-structure interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi′s phenomenological procedure. Results：Four themes were concluded: Obstetrician′s attitude towards vaginal delivery after cesarean section, adaptive conditions for vaginal delivery after cesarean section, difficulties in vaginal trial delivery after cesarean section, strategies for promoting vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Conclusions：The departments should pay attention to obstetricians′ attitudes towards the implementation of vaginal trial delivery after cesarean section and the difficulties they are facing, and obstetricians′ suggestions on promoting vaginal trial delivery after cesarean section. Measures should be taken, such as strengthening the knowledge of this type of pregnant women about the mode of delivery, constructing the industry standard for the implementation of vaginal trial delivery, improving the equipment and facilities and human resources required for the implementation of vaginal trial delivery, etc. Provide support and conditions for the implementation of vaginal trial delivery. It urges pregnant women who meet the requirements after cesarean section to choose vaginal trial delivery, so as to promote maternal and infant health.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical Analysis of Uterine Rupture during Pregnancy in Primipara LI Mi-qi, HUANG Su-fang, XIAO Ya-ru, ZHOU Quan 2020, 47 (3):  282-286.  Abstract ( 1093 )   PDF (660KB) ( 7133 )   Objective: To discuss the risk factors, clinical characteristics, diagnosis methods and outcome of uterine rupture during pregnancy in primipara. Methods: Restrospective analysis was done on 11 primiparas with uterine rupture during pregnancy admitted to Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2010 to June 2018. Results: The age of the 11 patients was 21-36 years old and the gestational age was 12-39 weeks. There were 10 cases of previous uterine surgery, 4 cases of incomplete rupture and 7 cases of complete rupture. Rupture of uterus was located in the lower segment in 1 case, uterine body and fundus in 5 cases, uterine horn in 5 cases. 8 cases were diagnosed by B-scan ultrasonoprapny and 3 were diagnosed by surgery. All the patients underwent cesarean section, and one of them had a hysterectomy. There was no death in the patients and 4 fetus survived. Conclusions: The risk factors of uterine rupture during pregnancy are mainly related to uterine surgery, and the rupture site is different from patients with previous cesarean section history, so the clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment of patients need to be differentiated from patients with previous cesarean section. Patients and medical staff should strengthen the awareness of early risk screening to reduce fetal death and avoid the occurrence of more serious complications. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Chromosome Karyotype Analysis and SNP-Array Analysis of Abnormal Fetuses by Ultrasound LI Yan-qing, LIU Xia-ying, XIE Jun-jie, FU Wan-yu, WANG Yuan-bai, ZHUANG Jian-long, JIANG Yu-ying 2020, 47 (3):  286-290.  Abstract ( 987 )   PDF (644KB) ( 7229 )   Objective：To investigate the role of chromosome karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) in prenatal diagnosis of abnormal fetuses. Methods：From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, 278 cases of pregnant women with fetal ultrasound abnormalities who received amniotic fluid puncture at our hospital were collected, and chromosome karyotype analysis and SNP-array were performed simultaneously. Results：The karyotype of amniotic fluid was analyzed in 278 cases, and the culture success rate was 99.28% in 276 cases. The positive detection rate of chromosome karyotype analysis was 8.33% (23/276). The positive detection rate of SNP-array was 17.03% (47/276). The difference of positive detection rate between the two test methods was statistically significant ( χ2=9.424, P=0.002). In the cases with normal karyotype, the positive detection rate of SNP-array was 11.46% (29/253), among which the detection rate of pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) was 2.76% (7/253), variants of unknown significance (VOUS) was 8.70% (22/253). The positive CNVs detection rate in abnormal fetus with NT thickening, bones, muscles and cardiovascular system is highest, followed by fetus with urinary tract malformation and abnormal single soft ultrasound index. No pathogenic CNVs were detected in fetal facial abnormalities, digestive system abnormalities, respiratory system abnormalities, etc. Conclusions：SNP-array technique has certain advantages in the detection rate of abnormal results, while chromosome karyotype analysis can make up for the deficiency of SNP-array in chromosome balance translocation and inversion. Chromosome karyotype analysis combined with SNP-array technique has good application value and space in ultrasonic abnormal fetus. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Case Report of Giant Placental Chorioangioma Complicated with Mirror Syndrome and Literature Review TIAN Xiao-yu, YANG Xue 2020, 47 (3):  291-293.  Abstract ( 1011 )   PDF (16014KB) ( 6885 )   Giant placental hemangioma complicated with mirror syndrome is a rare obstetric pathological condition. Its pathogenesis is not clear at present. The disease develops rapidly and poor symptom control often indicates a poor prognosis, which will even endanger the lives of mothers and children. There are few reports on placental hemangioma with mirror syndrome at home and abroad, and there is no clinical guidelines for this disease, leading to insufficient understanding of the disease in clinical practice, delayed diagnosis, and poor treatment. A rare case of giant placental chorionic hemangioma with mirror syndrome is reported here. By learning this case report and literature review, we hope that we can realize the early diagnosis and treatment of such patients and improve the prognosis of mothers and children. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Pregnancy with Ovarian Leiomyoma: A Case Report and Literature Review ZHAO Shu-hui, YU Qing, WANG Min, ZHAO Zhe, WANG Yu-jia, YANG Shu-li 2020, 47 (3):  294-296.  Abstract ( 1004 )   PDF (14784KB) ( 6859 )   Primary ovarian leiomyoma is rare in clinic, especially with pregnancy, and treatment should be individualized, which will relate to better prognosis. The medical history, diagnosis, treatment process, pathological examination and follow-up results of one case of pregnancy complicated with primary leiomyoma of ovary admitted to the Second Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed, and the related literatures of ovarian leiomyoma and pregnancy complicated with ovarian leiomyoma were reviewed. By exploring the tissue origin, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of primary ovarian leiomyoma, we expect that the understanding of clinical workers on primary ovarian leiomyoma can be improved, and we can achieve the purpose of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on Peri-Menopausal Osteoporosis and Its Mechanism DU Yi－ｎｉ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｘｕｅ, CHEN Ｙｉ－Ｊｉｅ, ＪＩＡ Ｃｅｎ－ｌｉｎ, ＨＵＡＮＧ Ｊｉａｎ, ＪＩＮ Ｘｕｅ－ｊｉｎｇ, ＺＨＡＮＧ Ｚｈｉ－ｆｅｎ 2020, 47 (3):  297-300.  Abstract ( 1156 )   PDF (491KB) ( 7097 )   The incidence of osteoporosis is increasing year by year, causing economic burden to the society. Peri-menopausal women are more susceptible to osteoporosis due to serum hormone level and aging. Until recently, the underlying mechanisms have been primarily attributed to estrogen deficiency, but bone loss in women commences is prior to the onset of menopause and estrogen deficiency. The level of serum FSH increases as early as 6 years before the final menstrual period. Several studies have found that FSH is correlated with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density, which may be one of the causes of peri-menopausal bone loss. FSH not only acts on gonads through FSH receptors (FSHR), but also acts on osteoclasts and bone metabolism. FSH promotes osteoclasts formation, maturation and differentiation through signaling pathways, cytokines and immune factors.This article mainly reviews the relationship, the mechanism, the clinical application between FSH and peri-menopausal osteoporosis, which aims to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of perimenopausal osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Treatment of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophｙ ｉｎ Ｐｏｓｔ－Ｍｅｎｏｐａｕｓａｌ Ｗｏｍｅｎ ＣＨＥＮ Ｙａ－ｘｕｅ, ＬＩＵ Ｘｉｎ－ｌｉａｎ, ＤＩＮＧ Ｙａｎ 2020, 47 (3):  301-305.  Abstract ( 1210 )   PDF (780KB) ( 7613 )   Vulvar and vaginal atrophy is a common symptom in postmenopausal women, the most prevalent symptoms are vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, vaginal irritation or itching, can disturb patients′ life and work. More and more patients need therapy in order to obtain a higher quality of life. According to the NAMS′s guidelines, the most common treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophyis local hormone therapy in recent years. This method is first-line treatment. But some patients have difficulty to accept hormone therapy, or have contraindication of hormone treatment. Therefore, vaginal moisturizer, selective estrogen receptor modulator, prasterone, laser, traditional Chinese medicine and other treatment methods are derived. This paper will review the different treatment methods and mechanism and its application in patients, in order to provide reference for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress in Gene Detection of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency LU Qiu-min, YAO Ji-long 2020, 47 (3):  306-311.  Abstract ( 1283 )   PDF (875KB) ( 7141 )   Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI) is a highly heterogeneous disease with complex etiology, the clinical manifestations are infertile, amenorrhoea and low estrogen related symptoms in women under 40 years of age. Studies have shown that gene polymorphism and variation are important pathogenic factors, including X chromosome and autosomal abnormality, abnormal mtDNA and expression of microRNAs, the functions of candidate genes are mainly focused on DNA damage repair, homologous recombination and meiosis. Currently, genetic detection technology has entered the era of genome-wide association research, which can efficiently screen pathogenic genes through a new generation of sequencing technology for further association analysis and genetic verification, it provides a new space for understanding of the complex, polygenic genetic etiology of ovarian failure and offer fertility guidance or develop personalized treatment strategies for the high-risk groups. In this paper, the progress of chromosome abnormality and candidate gene detection related to POI is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Different Degrees of Psychological Stress on Stress Hormone Level of HPA Axis and Ovarian Reserve Function in Mice LIU Yan, CHENG Rui, SUN Ruo-yun, MA Rui-hong, XIA Tian 2020, 47 (3):  311-314.  Abstract ( 1044 )   PDF (28334KB) ( 7068 )   Objective: To investigate the changes of the related indexes of the serological related different degrees of psychological stress, the changes of the serum sex hormone levels in mice and the morphological changes of the ovaries under light microscope by establishing the model of psychological stress in mice. Methods: A total of 80 SPF grade healthy female ICR mice with a age of 4-5 weeks were collected. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, 20 in each group, giving different degrees of stimulation in 4 weeks, making the animal models of the psychological stress mice. The ovarian tissue was taken to make paraffin sections, and the histological and morphological changes of ovary were observed under light microscope. Result: After 4 weeks of stimulation, the level of 4 groups of stress hormones [corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT)] and sex hormones [follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)] was statistically significant (P＜0.05). With the increase of psychological stress, the levels of serum stress hormones in mice increased gradually (Ptrend＜0.01), and the levels of sex hormones gradually decreased (Ptrend＜0.01). The stronger the degree of psychological stress, the less the growth follicles at all levels under the light microscope, and the more the follicles are blocked. Conclusions: The stronger the level of psychological stress, the more active the HPA axis, and the more obvious the inhibition of the HPO axis, which makes the sex hormone secretion in mice and abnormal follicular development, resulting in decreased ovarian reserve function, which affects its reproductive function. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical Analysis of 6 Cases of Vesicovaginal Fistula after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy XIA Wei-hao, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Wen-jing, ZHOU Yi-hui 2020, 47 (3):  315-317.  Abstract ( 1075 )   PDF (450KB) ( 7096 )   Objective: To explore the prevention and treatment of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: 6 cases of VVF after laparoscopic hysterectomy for hysteromyoma or adenomyosis in the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, age 39-52 years old, 6 days to 1 month after hysterectomy. The patients underwent cystoscopy and laparoscopy after diagnosis, and the bladder fistula was repaired during operation. Results: Of the 6 repair operations, 1 was completed by laparoscope, 1 by vagina, 3 by direct laparotomy, and 1 by laparoscopic repair and then convert to laparotomy. All operations were successful and healed well. No urine leakage occured during postoperative follow-up. Conclusions: Unclear anatomical level and improper operation are the main causes of VVF. Once discovered after the operation, it can be directly repaired or repaired after tissue healing, with satisfactory results. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Thinking of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Gynecological Malignant Tumors during Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia SHI Wen, WANG Mao-cai, CHEN Shan 2020, 47 (3):  318-322.  Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (830KB) ( 6958 )   Since the end of December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) has been prevalent in China and many foreign countries, mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact transmission. There are also possible transmission routes such as aerosols and feces. Its incubation period is long, and all people are generally susceptible to it. As one of the treatment methods for intraperitoneal tumors, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is widely used in the field of gynecological malignant tumors. During the epidemic period of COVID-19, patients with gynecologic malignant tumors were more susceptible to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) than the general population due to low autoimmunity and other reasons, resulting in a significantly increased risk of HIPEC. Therefore, before performing HIPEC, patients with gynecological malignant tumors must strictly perform COVID-19-related screening to exclude 2019-nCoV infections. We should carefully control indications and contraindications, establish a multidisciplinary joint consultation system, develop personalized diagnosis and treatment plans according to the patient′s condition, and take the balance between epidemic prevention and control and cancer treatment into account. During the treatment of HIPEC, attention should be paid to strengthening doctor-patient protection and monitoring of various indicators. Strict follow-up and health guidance after HIPEC treatment are necessary. In order to better guide clinical diagnosis and treatment, this article tend to described how to perform HIPEC safely and effectively for patients with gynecological malignant tumors during the COVID-19 epidemic period. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in Research of Long Non-Coding RNA in Gynecological Tumors SHI Qiao-rui, WANG Xue, WANG Xiao-hui 2020, 47 (3):  322-326.  Abstract ( 1044 )   PDF (523KB) ( 6907 )   Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA molecule with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. Because there is no open reading frame, it can′t encode protein. It was thought to be the "noise" in the process of gene transcription and was ignored by scholars. With the progress of epigenetics technology in recent years, lncRNA is found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of human disease. Because of its great value, it has become a hot research topic of many scholars. It has been confirmed that lncRNA molecule expression level is related to the occurrence and development, drug resistance in a variety of human tumor disease. It is expected to become a promising new tumor marker and therapeutic target in the future, and explore new therapeutic approaches for tumor treatment. In recent years, the research results of lncRNA in gynecological tumors have been reviewed, so as to provide help for the future research on the relationship between lncRNA and tumors and lay a foundation for the better development of targeted therapy for tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer and Their Interaction with MicroRNAs DＯＮＧ Ｑｉａｎ, ＬＯＮＧ Ｘｉａｏ－ｒａｎ, ＤＩ Ｗｅｎ 2020, 47 (3):  327-331.  Abstract ( 1038 )   PDF (658KB) ( 6951 )   Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies． Since ovarian cancer develops asymptomatically, it is often diagnosed at an advanced and terminal stage. Generally, recurrent drug-resistant tumors and metastasis reduce the efficacy of treatments, therefore more sensitive and efficient diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets need to be discovered and researched. Recently, lncRNAs have been highlighted in oncology researches, showing their potential as an emerging biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of various human malignancies． In this review, we have summarized several studies about lncRNAs involved in ovarian cancer and analyzed their roles in the tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer as well as the interaction between these lncRNAs and related microRNAs in disease progression． Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Protective Agents for Preventing Ovarian Dysfunction Induced by Chemotherapy CHU Qi, ZHENG Lian-wen, GAO Yi-yin, ZHAO Dan-dan, XU Ying 2020, 47 (3):  332-335.  Abstract ( 1016 )   PDF (602KB) ( 6954 )   At present, chemotherapy is still one of the important means to treat malignant tumors, but the side effects brought by chemotherapy should not be underestimated. Especially for women of child-bearing age, chemotherapy seriously affects the ovarian function of them, such as the decline of ovarian reserve function, premature ovarian failure, which undoubtedly brings serious physiological and psychological trauma to them. Therefore, it is important to protect ovarian function in women of reproductive age with malignant tumors while receiving chemotherapy. At present, the clinical application of protective agents to prevent ovarian function damage caused by chemotherapy is not very extensive, and the relevant research mechanism is not very clear. This article reviews the mechanism and research status of protective agents that have been used to prevent ovarian function damage caused by chemotherapy and those with potential application value, in order to provide new ideas for preventing ovarian fertility and physiological function damage of anti-cancer women of child-bearing age. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Uterine Borderline Leiomyoma DONG Xiao-xiao, YU Xiao-hui 2020, 47 (3):  336-339.  Abstract ( 1196 )   PDF (501KB) ( 6982 )   Uterine borderline leiomyoma is a group of uterine smooth muscle tumors with special pathological features. Its related pathogenic factors include age, birth history, surgery history, etc. The pathogenesis is not clear, and may be related to sex hormone levels, genetic factors, and abnormal gene expression in the body. Its clinical manifestations are similar to benign uterine fibroids and lack characteristics. The auxiliary examinations before surgery include ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc. The test results lack specificity and are not easy to distinguish from benign uterine fibroids and uterine sarcomas. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and the diagnosis mainly depends on postoperative pathological examination. At present, the main treatment method is surgery, and some need adjuvant drug treatment. However, the choice of surgical methods and the effects of drug treatment are still controversial and need further research. Most patients with uterine borderline leiomyoma have a good prognosis, but they are at risk of postoperative recurrence and long-term malignancy. Close follow-up is required after surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｖａｇｉｎａｌ Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｗｉｔｈ ＨＰＶ Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ and Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌ Ｌｅｓｉｏｎｓ ＺＨＡＮＧ Ｑｉａｎ－ｙｕ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｙａ－ｎａｎ, ＳＯＮＧ Ｄｉａｎ－ｒｏｎｇ 2020, 47 (3):  340-344.  Abstract ( 925 )   PDF (643KB) ( 7285 )   Lactobacilli are the most abundant bacteria in the vagina of healthy women, which play an important role in maintaining the micro ecological balance of vagina. Lactobacilli can firmly adhere to the epithelium of vaginal mucosa, play a role of space occupying protection, and secrete lactic acid, maintain the acidic environment of vagina, produce bacteriostatic substances such as H2O2, bacteriocin, biosurfactant, etc., cause beneficial immune response, so as to resist the infection of pathogenic microorganisms, which is an important microbial barrier of female lower genital tract. Human papillomavirus（HPV） infection is the direct cause of cervical cancer. As an adjacent organ of the cervix, the micro ecological environment of the vagina plays an important role. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have found that the decrease of lactobacilli has a close relationship with the infection of HPV and the occurrence of cervical cancer. Lactobacillus can resist HPV infection and inhibit oncogenesis by producing various metabolites and activating immune function. This article will review the correlation and mechanism between lactobacilli and HPV infection and cervical lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression and Prognostic of TOP2A in Ovarian Cancer: An Analysis Based on the Data-Mining of Oncomine and TCGA Databases ZHANG Kai, LIU Yu-lin, HU Jia-li, GUO Fei, XUE Feng-xia 2020, 47 (3):  345-349.  Abstract ( 1292 )   PDF (5595KB) ( 7112 )   Objective: To explore the topoisomerase ⅡA (TOP2A) expression in ovarian cancer and a forecast analysis TOP2A in its possible mechanism and clinical significance in the development of ovarian cancer. Methods: Data on TOP2A gene expression in ovarian cancer tissues were extracted from the Oncomine database. cBioPortal online platform were used to analyze the mutations in TCGA database, and then survival analysis of TOP2A were retrieved from the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool. Results: A total of 462 TOP2A correlation studies were included, among which 132 showed statistically differences in TOP2A expression, including 125 up-regulated expression and 7 down-regulated expression. Compared with the control group, TOP2A expression in ovarian cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues (P＜0.05). TOP2A gene mutation occurred in 12 of 311 epithelial ovarian cancer samples, with a mutation rate of 4%, including amplification in 3 cases, deep loss in 3 cases and truncated mutation occurred in 3 patients. There were 10 proteins related to TOP2A gene, such as DLGAP5, CDC20 and UBE2C. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival time and progression-free survival time of ovarian cancer patients with high TOP2A expression were significantly shorter than those with low TOP2A expression (P＜0.05). Conclusions: TOP2A is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and is related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, which might provide a new basis for TOP2A as a novel target for cancer therapy and a new direction for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of FBXO31 on Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cell C-33A and Study on the Expression and Clinical Significance of FBXO31 in Human Cervical Cancer  QIN Xiao-yang, ZHANG Wei-jie 2020, 47 (3):  350-353.  Abstract ( 864 )   PDF (25776KB) ( 6949 )   Objective：To analyze the effect of FBXO31 (F-box only protein 31) on the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell C-33a and the correlation between its expression in human cervical cancer tissues and clinical factors, and to explore its role in the progression of human cervical cancer in order to find new molecular targets. Methods：MTT method was used to detect the inhibition rate of C-33A cells under the action of FBXO31 at different concentration and time. The expression of FBXO31 in cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 70 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and the relationship between FBXO31 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed. Results：MTT method showed that the proliferation of C-33A cells was inhibited by FBXO31, and the proliferation inhibition rate showed a concentration and time-dependent. Immunohistochemistry showed that FBXO31 was mainly expressed in the nucleus. The positive expression rate of FBXO31 in cervical cancer tissues (17/70, 24.29%) was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (60/70, 85.71%) ( χ2=74.035, P＜0.001). Western blotting showed that the expression of FBXO31 in human cervical cancer tissues was obviously lower than that in adjacent tissues, with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05). Further analysis showed that the expression of FBXO31 in cervical cancer tissues was not related to age, tumor size and pathological type, but to FIGO stage, tumor differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P＜0.05). Conclusions：FBXO31 may inhibit the proliferation of human cervical cancer C-33A cells as a tumor suppressor gene in a time and concentration dependent manner. It has low expression in human cervical cancer tissues and is closely related to the clinical characteristics of cervical cancer, which may be a new molecular target for cervical cancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Granular Cell Tumor of the Vulva: A Case Report and Literature Review SONG Jian, LI Xian, XU Bo, LUO Fei-fei 2020, 47 (3):  354-355.  Abstract ( 984 )   PDF (11558KB) ( 6821 )   Granular cell tumor of the vulva is a rare vulvar disease without typical clinical features. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult. In this paper, we present a 34-year-old female who underwent local excision of vulvar nodules due to recurrent vulval pain. Because of the rarity in clinical gynecology, multidisciplinary consultation was organized to identify the benign or malignancy, and developed a postoperative follow-up program. The patient has not relapsed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ｆｉｂｒｏｓａｒｃｏｍａ ｔｏ Ｒａｄｉｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｆｏｒ Ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｏｆ Ｖｕｌｖａ： Ａ Ｃａｓｅ Ｒｅｐｏｒｔ ａｎｄ Ｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ ＬＵＡＮ Ｚｈａｏ－ｈｕｉ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｃｈｅｎｇ－ｓｈｕａｎｇ, ＬＩＵ Ｌｉ－ｌｉ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｚｈｉ－ｍｅｉ 2020, 47 (3):  356-358.  Abstract ( 904 )   PDF (11696KB) ( 6847 )   Carcinoma of vulval is mainly found in postmenopausal elderly women, accounting for 2%-5% of the female reproductive tract malignant tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common pathological type of vulvar cancer. At present, the treatment methods of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma mainly include surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemical treatment and molecular targeted treatment. The early stage of squamous cell carcinoma of vulva is mainly treated by surgery, and the late stage is treated by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This paper introduces a 74 year old woman with a history of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma for 15 years. She was clinically cured by surgery in the early stage and treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy 3 years ago of recurrence. However, she was hospitalized again for vulvar neoplasms one month ago. Pathological examination showed fibrosarcoma of vulva. The patient died in a short period because of the poor effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is suggest that although the incidence of sarcoma after radiotherapy is low, the prognosis is extremely poor, which  should be paid attention to it. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

One Case of Primary Ovarian Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Literature Review XU Ｌｉ－ｙｕａｎ, ＨＯＵ Ｆａｎ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｌｉｕ－ｌｉ, ＮＩＥ Ｘｉａ－ｚｉ, ＳＨＡＯ Ｒｕｉ－ｘｕｅ, ＷＡＮＧ Ｈａｉ－ｌｉｎ 2020, 47 (3):  358-360.  Abstract ( 1612 )   PDF (11688KB) ( 6804 )   Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in gynecology. The most common pathological type is adenocarcinoma. Primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma is a rare ovarian malignant tumor with a low incidence and high degree of malignancy. The etiology and tissue origin are not clear. There are no standardized clinical practice guidelines to guide its diagnosis and treatment. It is not sensitive to radiation therapy and the drug treatment effect on it is poor. Surgery is the main treatment way, but the prognosis is poor. This paper reports a case of primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital on December 31, 2018, and reviews the relevant literature. Related Articles | Metrics